非充分灌溉下氮肥对棉花蕾铃消减及产量的影响

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton bud and boll reduction and yield under non sufficient drop irrigation

研究膜下非充分灌溉条件下施用氮肥对棉花生长发育的调节效应,揭示不同灌溉量下施用氮肥对棉花产量构成因子的效应,为干旱区发展节水高产高效农业提供依据。在南疆生态条件下,选用新陆中54为试验材料,研究灌溉量及氮肥对棉花的农艺性状及产量形成的影响。与灌溉量为3 800 m^3·hm^(-2)处理相比,2 800m^3·hm^(-2)生育进程提前,现蕾增加率、成铃增加率及产量增加率均最高;与不同施氮水平(4个施氮水平0、150、300、450 kg·hm^(-2),分别用N0、N1、N2、N3表示)相比,总体趋势表现为N2>N3>N1>N0。灌溉量及氮肥对棉花干物质形成及其分配有显著的调节效应,灌溉量为2 800 m^3·hm^(-2)处理相比灌溉量为3 800 m^3·hm^(-2)的处理,更有利提高棉花增产率。结合灌溉棉田灌溉量可控的特点,制定相应的灌溉施肥制度,对实现棉田节水高产高效有重大意义。

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and development of cotton under non-sufficient irrigation under film condition were studied,and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield components of cotton under different irrigation were studied to provide basis for developing water-saving,high-yield and high-efficiency agriculture in arid area. The effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on cotton agronomic traits and yield formation were studied under the condition of southern Xinjiang. The results showed that 2 800 m^3·hm^-2 had the highest growth rate of bud growth rate,boll growth rate and yield increment,compared with the treatments of 3 800 m^3·hm^-2 of irrigation rate. Compared with the different nitrogen application rates,the general trend was N2〉 N3〉 N1〉 N0. The effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on cotton dry matter formation and its allocation was significant. When the irrigation amount was 2 800 m^3·hm^-2 and the irrigation volume was 3 800 m^3·hm^-2,and the cotton yield could be more utilized. Combine irrigation with irrigation controllable characteristics,to develop the appropriate irrigation and fertilization system,to achieve high water-saving cotton field is of great significance.