挪威斯瓦尔巴机场降级事件探讨

Discussion on the Downgrading of Svalbard Airport

2017年挪威政府宣布将斯瓦尔巴机场由"国际级"降级为"国内级",国际航班不能直飞斯瓦尔巴机场,这一举措遭到挪威国内民众和国际社会的质疑,芬兰成为机场降级令的直接受损方,俄罗斯则反应最为激烈。挪威政府迄今没有公布降级政策的相关文件,仅以经济为由解释机场降级。挪威机场降级令,其目标不针对北约盟国,但也无法约束俄罗斯,反而含有配合美国战略防范中国在北极日益增强的考量。降级令有悖于《斯瓦尔巴条约》关于缔约国"自由进入"和缔约国"无歧视"原则,恐将诱发斯瓦尔巴群岛新的纠纷和冲突。

In 2017, the Norwegian government downgraded the Svalbard Airport from the ＂international level＂ to the ＂domestic level＂, which means that international flights cannot use Svalbard Airport any more. This has caused doubts from both the Norwegian public and the international community Finland is the direct victim of the downgrading policy, and Russia reacts to it most strongly Until now, the Norwegian government has not yet published any documents regarding the downgrading, and only attributed it to economic reasons. The downgrading does not target at the NATO countries, nor is it able to contain Russia. In fact, it is to some extent based on the consideration of preventing China from increasing presence in the Arctic while cooperating with the US strategy. The downgrading is contrary to the principles of ＂liberty of access＂ and ＂equal among members＂ contained in the Svalbard Treaty, which may lead to new disputes and conflicts in the Svalbard Islands.