论被遗忘权与言论自由之兼容与平衡

On Compatibility and Balance of Right to be Forgotten and Freedom of Speech

网络时代下,许多人早已认识到被遗忘权的法律价值,但当它的实现会限缩言论自由空间时,争议甚至否定随之出现。虽然被遗忘权合法化过程中会遭遇不少障碍,但言论自由不应成为障碍之一,两者完全可以在兼容调适中走向平衡。比例原则和谷歌独立专家报告提供的具体标准可在其中发挥重要作用:比例原则尤其是其中的损益均衡原则,能够帮助我们判断是否有必要为了言论自由而限制被遗忘权;信息主体公共角色属性和信息私密性程度是个案衡量时重要的考量标准,它有助于我们在被遗忘权和言论自由间作出取舍。超越公私二元划分的"情境脉络完整性理论"为信息私密性的判断补充了一个弹性标准,"隐私偏好数字标签"则可以充实合理隐私期待的主观内涵,这种刚柔并济、主客观相结合的标准使得对信息私密性这一要件的判断更趋精准。

In the networktimes, many people have already realized the legal value of the right to be forgotten, but when its accomplishment limits the room of freedom of speach, the controversy or even the negation will arise. Although there aremany obstacles in the process of legitimizing the right to be forgotten, the freedom of speach should not be one of them.They can reach a state of balance through compatible with each other or adjust themselves to adapt to another. The proportion principle and the specific standard provided by the reports of the independent experts of Google will play an importantrole in balancing the two of them：the principle of proportionality especially the principle of profit and loss balance, which isone of the principle of proportionality, can help us to judge whether it is necessary to restrict the right to be forgotten for thespace of free speach reason, the public role attribute owned by the info-owner and the private degree of information is important standards that need to be considered when weight a specific case, it can help us to make a choice between the rightto be forgotten and the freedom of speach. There is a flexible criteria used for determining the private degree of information,which is provided by the “contextual integrity theory” -one theory that surpassing the duality division between public andprivate, and the “privacy preference digital label” can enrich and rationalize the subjective connotation of the reasonable expectation of privacy, this kind of criteria,rigid but flexible, integrating subjectivity and objectivity, makes it more clear tojudge the private level of information.