英语构词法理论研究分类框架之构建与解析

On the Theoretical Framework of Classification of EnglishW ordformation

英语构词法研究是词汇学和形态学研究的重要内容,关涉英语词汇发展的生成规律。目前的研究仍缺乏完整性和系统性,有些构词现象难以归类分析研究,有些现象还没有合理地进入构词法研究视野。因此,从造词法角度出发,根据"词"的五大属性,阐述了以词汇"生成理据"为标准的英语构词规律,提出了英语构词规律的五大基本类型框架:1.由语音演变形成新词的语音构词规律;2.由词汇语义随时空变化构成新词的语义构词规律;3.由词形本身结构变化形成新词的形态构词规律;4.由词形不变而词性、词类转变而形成新词的语法构词规律;5.由情景表达需要而临时创造词汇的语用构词规律。这样的分类可以比较全面地概括了英语词汇的构词方式,为构词研究提供了新的理论框架和视野。

As an important content of lexicology and morphology, the word-formation is closely related to the generating rules of English words in development. But the current research still lacks scientific and systematic classification in it. Somew ordformation phenomena are difficult to categorize, and some phenomena of word formation have not yet entered the reasonable research field. This article is intended to illustrate the principles of word formation based on the criteria of word’s generative motivation and propose that the English wordformation can be classified as five categories：the phonetic wordformation according to the word phonetic change, the morphological wordformation according to the word morphological change, the semantic wordformation in accordance with the word semantic change,the grammatical wordformation in accordance with the word conversion, the pragmaticwordformation relying on the temporary situation need, which are possible to cover the general forms of wordformation in the hope of building up a general new theoretical framework for the further research of the English wordformation.