南非“婚内强奸”入刑:契机、历程和成果

Penalizing the “Marital Rape” in South Africa

在S v Ncanywa一案的影响下,南非于1993年颁布了《反家庭暴力法》,废除了"婚内无奸"规则。但是,法院往往很难认定妻子是否"同意"性交,从而认定丈夫是否构成强奸罪。在南非学者和女权主义者的推动下,南非法律委员会开始着手对强奸罪进行改革。改革的重点集中在三个方面:首先,强调对被害人心理的保护;其次,重视强奸罪中的暴力因素;最后,扩大强奸行为的外延。随后,南非国民议会颁布《性犯罪法》,彻底改变了强奸罪的构成要素,确定了强奸罪的法定刑。根据新法,强奸罪侵犯的法益具有性权利和尊严权的双重性,强奸是一种行为犯。

Under the influence of S v Neanywa ease, South Africa promulgated the Prevention of Family Violence Act in 1993, and then annulled the ＂mmTiage without rape＂ rule. However, it was difficult for judges to decide whether the husband had sexual intercourse with wit- with or without her consent, and whether husband constituted the rape. Prompted by the scholars and thminists, South Africa Law Commission began to redefine the offense of rape. The reform focused on three top- ies： to protect psychological sentiment of victims, to emphasize the violence associated with rape, and to broaden the concept of the rape offense. Later, the National Assembly adopted the Criminal Law （Sexual Offences and Related Matters） Amendment Act, which completely changed the essen- tial elements of the offense and stipulated the statutory sentence for the rape offense. According to the new law, the rape infringes the legal interests of sexual rights and the right of dignity, the rape is a kind of conduct crimes.