肠道微生物的免疫调节影响非酒精性脂肪肝病的研究进展

Progress on the effect of intestinal microbial immunomodulatory mechanisms on non-alcoholic liver disease

在许多肠内和肠外疾病的病理生理学中,肠道微生物作为一个新的重要参与者,其群落的改变和紊乱在诱发和加剧非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)中可能起着重要作用。哺乳动物的肠道中含有多样化的微生物代谢分子,它们都具有调节宿主免疫的可能。这些代谢分子能够激活体内免疫系统,导致促炎症基因的表达,进而促进慢性肝脏疾病的发生。近来的研究表明,微生物代谢分子在调节机体免疫系统中起重要作用,且机体免疫系统也在不断巡视肠道微环境中微生物群的代谢状态和微生物组成结构。文章着重阐述了微生物及其代谢分子在调节机体免疫发展和活动中的作用,期望能更好地了解肠道微生物及其在NAFLD中所扮演的角色,也为新疗法的开发提供理论基础。

The gut microbiota has been a new important player in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. The changes and dysfunction of intestinal microflora may play an important role in inducing and aggravating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）. The mammalian intestine also contains a variety of microbial metabolites that have the potential to modulate host immunity. Moreover, these metabolites can activate the immune system in the body, result in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and then promote the occurrence of chronic liver disease such as NAFLD. Many recent studies have shown that microbial metabolites play an important role in the regulation of immune system. The immune system also constantly inspects the metabolic state, community composition, and structure of the microbiota in the intestinal microenvironment. This article focused on the role of microbiota and its metabolites in the regulation of body immune development and activity, providing a better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in NAFLD.