上海市原闸北区2010-2017年新增视力残疾的流行病学分析

An epidemiologic study on new visual disability in previous Zhabei area of Shanghai from 2010 to 2017

目的调查上海市原闸北区视力残疾的情况及流行病学分布特点,为精准化的视力残疾人康复服务指导提供依据。方法根据WHO视力残疾标准,收集2010年8月—2017年3月在上海市静安区市北医院接受视力残疾评定的人群,由经培训的眼科专科医生确定残疾的等级和主要致残原因。结果本研究最终纳入1682人,前5位导致盲和低视力的视力残疾的疾病分别是:高度近视性视网膜病变36.56%(盲90例、低视力522例),黄斑病变13.56%(盲38例、低视力190例),视网膜脱离9.39%(盲38例、低视力120例),青光眼9.27%(盲42例、低视力114例),视神经病变5.95%(盲12例、低视力88例)。不同婚姻状况、教育程度、居住街道人群的视力残疾等级存在统计学差异,P<0.05。结论上海市原闸北区新增视力残疾的首位致残病因是高度近视性视网膜病变,而在辖区内的不同街道视力残疾等级的分布状况存在一定差异。建议有针对性地对残疾人精准的康复服务,帮助其提高生活质量。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the situation and epidemiological characters of new blindness and low vision in previous Zhabei district of Shanghai and to provide information for precise health care of vision disabled patients. METHODS Patients were prospectively collected from Aug 2010 to Mar 2017 in Shibei Hospital of Jingan district. All patients had been under full ophthalmic evaluations performed by trained eye doctors and the blindness level was defined by WHO＇s criteria. RESULTS Total 1682 patients were recruited in this study. The top 5 leading causes of blindness were high myopic retinopathy（36.65% with 90 cases of blindness and 522 cases of low vision）, macular degeneration（13.56% with 38 cases of blindness and 190 cases of low vision）, retinal detachment（9.39% with38 cases of blindness and 120 cases of low vision）, glaucoma（9.27% with 42 cases of blindness and 114 cases of low vision）, optic nerve diseases（5.95% with 12 cases of blindness and 88 cases of low vision）. There were significant differences（P0.05） of blindness levels among different educational level, marriage status and living streets. CONCLUSIONS The leading cause of blindness was high myopic retinopathy and there were significant differences in blindness level among different living streets in Zhabei district. It suggested that precise health care should be carried out to help the disabled to improve the quality of live.