不同危害状态下寄主山核桃挥发物成分的比较及桑天牛对其组分的GC-EAD和行为反应

Comparison of volatiles released from the host Juglans mandshurica in different damaged states and the GC-EAD and behavioral responses of Apriona germari( Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to these volatiles

【目的】挖掘能影响桑天牛Apriona germari行为反应的山核桃Juglans mandshurica挥发物,为筛选桑天牛的植物源引诱剂或驱避剂提供理论依据。【方法】采用动态顶空套袋法收集不同危害状态[健康(CK)以及桑天牛取食、产卵和钻蛀危害]下山核桃释放的挥发物,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、气相色谱-触角电位测量系统(GC-EAD)及Y型嗅觉仪分析鉴定出桑天牛成虫对其产生电生理及行为反应的挥发物。【结果】不同危害状态下山核桃释放的挥发物皆以萜烯类和芳香族化合物居多,且有多种成分相对含量存在显著性差异,其中每种危害状态下山核桃释放的挥发物都有一种或几种特有的成分。桑天牛成虫仅对不同危害状态下山核桃释放的蒎烯、乙酸叶醇酯、壬醛、α-萜品醇、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯及正十六烷6种挥发物产生显著的电生理反应,对其他挥发物无反应,其中雌成虫对壬醛的电生理反应最强,而雄成虫对乙酸叶醇酯的电生理反应最强。嗅觉反应结果显示,丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯仅对桑天牛雌成虫有显著的引诱作用(P<0.05),而乙酸叶醇酯则仅对雄成虫有极显著的引诱作用(P<0.01);壬醛对桑天牛雌雄成虫均有显著的引诱作用(P<0.05),而α-萜品醇则对其有显著的驱避作用(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究结果表明,乙酸叶醇酯、壬醛和丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯对桑天牛成虫有较强的引诱作用,而α-萜品醇则对其有较好的驱避作用。

【Aim】This study aims to explore the volatiles from the host plant Juglans mandshurica,which affect the behavioral response of the brown mulberry longhorn beetle Apriona germari,and to provide a theoretical basis for screening plant-originated attractants or repellents of this insect.【Methods】Volatiles released from J. mandshurica in different damaged states [healthy（ CK）,and feeding,oviposition and boring damage by A. germari] were collected by using dynamic headspace adsorption,and those causing electrophysiological and behavioral responses in A. germari were identifiedby gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（ GC-MS）,gas chromatography-electrophysiological antennal detecting system（ GC-EAD） and Y-tube olfactometer. 【Results】In different damaged states,the main volatiles released from J. mandshurica included terpenes and aromatic compounds, and significant differences existed in the relative contents of several components of them. There were one or several unique volatile components in each damaged state. However,A. germari adults only had significant electrophysiological responses to six volatiles, including（ 1 R）-（ ＋）-alpha-pinene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate,nonanal,α-terpineol,2-ethylhexyl acrylate and hexadecane,but had no responses to the other volatiles. Female adults had the strongest electrophysiological responses to nonanal,while male adults had the strongest electrophysiological responses to cis-3-hexenyl acetate. The olfactory reaction showed that 2-ethylhexyl acrylate had a significant attractivity to the female adults of A. germari（ P〈 0. 05）,while cis-3-hexenyl acetate had an extremely significant attractivity to the male adults（ P 〈0. 01）. And nonanal had a significant attractivity to both female and male adults（ P 〈0. 05）,while α-terpineol had a significant repellent activity to them（ P〈0. 05）. 【Conclusion】These results indicate that cis-3-hexenyl acetate,nonanal and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate show strong attractivity to A. germari adults,while α-terpineol shows good repellent activity.