修井机司钻作业生物力学仿真与姿态评价研究

Study on Biomechanical Simulation and Posture Evaluation of Driller Operation of Workover Rig

由于修井作业连续工作时间长、作业强度大,司钻人员的不良作业姿态容易引发早期肌肉疲劳、关节酸痛甚至骨肌损伤。鉴于此,在生物力学分析软件AMS中构建第50百分位中国成年男子人体数字模型,并对修井机司钻作业下肢动作的进行逆向动力学仿真;以踏板位置为自变量,以肌肉激活度为因变量,运用Matlab软件对仿真结果进行拟合处理,并构建各肌群对应的舒适度评价模型。利用回归分析法确定各肌群对整体舒适度的影响权重,进而得到整体舒适度评价模型。从模型可以看出,踏板位置在冠状面附近时,适当远离近身范围整体舒适度提升幅度超过80%;踏板位置在矢状面附近时,适当远离近身范围整体舒适度也会有50%左右的提升;踏板位置在接近下肢可触及范围的边缘时,整体舒适度会有小幅度降低。研究结果可为修井机人机工效评价及操作舱人机布置优化提供定量分析依据。

Owing to the long working time and large work intensity of workover operations,the poor postures of driller can easily lead to premature muscle fatigue,joint pain,or even skeletal muscle injuries. In view of this,the 50 th percentile Chinese adult man digital model is constructed using the biomechanics analysis software AMS,so as to conduct reverse dynamics simulation of the lower extremities movement of the workover rig driller. Taking the pedal position as an independent variable and muscle activation as dependent variable,the simulation results are fitted using Matlab software. The corresponding comfort evaluation model for each muscle group is constructed.The regression analysis method is used to determine the impact weight of each muscle group on overall comfort,and then the overall comfort rating is obtained. From the model,when the pedal position is near the coronal plane,the overall comfort level could be improved by more than 80% with proper distance from the close range. When the pedal position is near the sagittal plane,the overall comfort level could also be increased appropriately 50% with proper distance from the close range. When the pedal position is near the edge of the reach of the lower extremities,the overall comfort will decrease slightly. The research results can provide quantitative analysis basis for ergonomics evaluation of workover rig and ergonomic layout optimization of operation cabin.