朱子的“气质之性”及其工夫论意义

On Zhu Xi's Idea of “Physic Nature” and its Significance in Effort Theory

张载和程颐的"气质之性"是气性,它与超越的"天地之性"相互独立互不隶属;朱子的"气质之性"和"本然之性"则根本是同一种性,"气质之性"是"本然之性"在气质之中呈现出来的样态,亦即现实中只存在"气质之性"。相应于对"气质之性"涵义的改变,朱子尤其重视气质对本然之性的影响,反对直接把握大本,以免认粗气为妙理,因此,朱子更加注重格物穷理的过程。

In Zhang Zai＇ s and Cheng Yi＇ s theories, the ＂physic nature＂ is something humanly which is independent from the transcendental ＂heavenly nature＂. In Zhu Xi＇ s theory, the ＂physic nature＂ is essentially the same as the ＂inherent nature＂, with the former being humanly embodiment of the latter. In other words, there is only ＂ physic nature＂ in realities. Zhu Xi not only changes the connotations of the concept, but also pays special attentions to the influences of ＂the humanly＂ on the ＂inherent nature＂.He denies direct mastery of the great Nature, believing that such an approach may mistake the rough nature as the ultimate law. He pays more attention to the process of studying things for the ultimate laws.