一种新的微创胸腔引流管及其兔血胸引流实验（英文）

Evaluation of the performance of a minimally invasive thoracic drainage tube in a rabbit model of hemothorax

目的设计并制备出14F的微创胸腔引流管,并在兔血胸模型中与28F的传统胸管对比,检验该胸管的的安全性和有效性。方法 15只新西兰大白兔分为实验组(微创胸腔引流管,9只)和对照组(传统胸腔引流管,6只),另取15只兔做为取血用兔。先向兔胸腔内注射新鲜血液20 mL,然后于兔腋中线的6肋间放置胸腔引流管,记录胸腔闭式引流术的时间。之后每隔20 min向兔胸腔内注射血液20 mL,共5次,记录每20 min时胸腔内引流出的积血量。2 h后处死实验用兔,剪开兔胸壁,将胸腔内残留的积血称重,对比两组胸腔内残留积血量,并比较两种胸管放置后并发症的差异。结果微创胸管组的手术时间小于传统胸腔引流管组,胸管放置后20、40 min时微创胸管组引流出的积血量更多。两组动物在实验结束时总的引流量差异无统计学意义,但微创胸管组胸腔内残留的积血量少于对照组,且无并发症的发生,而传统胸引流管均抵触肺脏。结论这种新型的微创胸腔引流管引流效果更好,操作更简便,术后并发症更低,有望应用于单孔胸腔镜手术或婴幼儿的胸腔闭式引流术中。

Objective To assess the performance of a minimally invasive thoracic drainage tube（14 F） made of polyurethane（PU） in a rabbit model of hemothorax in comparison with the conventional 28 F chest tube（CCT）. Methods Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental chest tube（ECT） group（n=9）, CCT group（n=6）, and blood provider group（n=15）. Blood samples（20 mL） collected from the blood providing rabbits were injected into the chest cavity of the rabbits in the other two groups, and the time taken for closed drainage of the thoracic cavity was recorded. The rabbits in ECT and CCT groups were subjected to blood injections（20 mL for each injection） into the chest cavity every 20 min for 5 times, and the volumes of blood drained by ECT and CCT were measured. Two hours later, the rabbits were sacrificed and the residual blood and blood clots in the chest cavities were observed. Results Compared with CCT, the use of ECT significantly shortened the operation time（P〈0.05） and produced more effective blood drainage at 20 min and 40 min after the placement of the drainage tube（P〈0.05）. No significant difference was found in the total blood volume drained between ECT and CCT groups, but the volume of residual blood in the thoracic cavity was significantly smaller in ECT group than in CCT group. No post-operative complications were found in the rabbits in ECT group while all the rabbits in CCT group had abutment pressure to the lung.Conclusion Compared to CCT, ECT is less invasive and allows more effective thoracic drainage with more convenient operation and reduced postoperative complications, suggesting its potential for use in closed thoracic drainage in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery（VATS） or in pediatric patients.