杭州市售婴幼儿奶粉和乳制品中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂累积暴露风险评估

Cumulative risk assessment of phthalates exposure in infant milk powder and dairy products in Hangzhou

目的分析杭州市市售婴幼儿奶粉和乳制品中塑化剂的含量,评估塑化剂累积暴露风险情况。方法于2014年7月随机在杭州市内各大超市抽取婴幼儿奶粉和乳制品共63份。用16种内标定量气相色谱-质谱联用法测定其中17种塑化剂的含量。用点评估法计算4种有检出的塑化剂的暴露量及对不同月龄婴幼儿和成人的累积暴露风险。结果 17种塑化剂中,检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),检出浓度和检出率分别为15.03μg/kg^359.1μg/kg、5.73μg/kg^115.8μg/kg、5.04μg/kg^209.4μg/kg、5.13μg/kg^183.2μg/kg;检出率分别为12.70%、77.78%、76.19%、85.71%。不同月龄婴幼儿塑化剂每日膳食暴露量为0.059μg/(kg·d)~2.03μg/(kg·d),危害指数为0.014~0.12;成人每日膳食暴露量为0.027μg/(kg·d)~0.34μg/(kg·d),危害指数为1.37×10-4。结论杭州市婴幼儿和成人通过摄入奶粉和乳制品引起的塑化剂每日膳食暴露量小于美国环境保护署提出的经口摄入参考剂量,危害指数<1,处于安全水平。

Objective To assess the cumulative exposure risk of phthalates in infant milk powder and dairy products by detecting the content of phthalates in the samples. Methods Sixty-three samples of infant milk powder and dairy products were randomly collected from supermarkets in July 2014 in Hangzhou. The contents of 17 phthalate esters were determined by 16 internal standards and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The exposure dose of the 4 detected phthalate esters were calculated and the cumulative exposure risk was assessed by point estimation method. Results Dimethyl phthalate（DMP）,diisobutyl phthalate（DIBP）,dibutyl phthalate（DBP） and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） DEHP were detected,with the detected contents within 15. 03 μg/kg-359. 1 μg/kg,5. 73 μg/kg-115. 8 μg/kg,5. 04 μg/kg-209. 4 μg/kg,5. 13 μg/kg-183. 2 μg/kg,and with the detection rates of 12. 7%,77. 8%,76. 19%,85. 7%,respectively. The daily exposure dose was within 0. 059 μg/（kg·d）-2. 03 μg/（kg·d） and the hazard index was within 0. 014-0. 12 for infants at different months. For adults,the daily exposure dose and hazard index was within 0. 027 μg/（kg·d）-0. 34 μg/（kg·d） and the hazard index was 1. 37 × 10-4,respectively. Conclusion The daily exposure dose of phthalates to infants and adults in Hangzhou by ingestion of milk powder and dairy products were less than the reference dose proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA）,and the hazard index was less than one,staying in a safe state.