佛山市南海区适龄妇女乳腺疾病分布状况及相关因素的调查

Distribution of breast diseases among the women of childbearing age in Nanhai District,Foshan City and investigation on the related factors

目的了解近年佛山市南海区适龄妇女乳腺疾病分布状况及其影响的相关因素,为保障南海区广大女性的身体健康提供有效的措施。方法采用乳腺筛查方法免费对南海区丹灶镇5 197名≥30岁妇女进行临床检查、乳腺超声、乳腺钼靶检查及问卷调查,根据问卷调查和健康检查资料进行分析,明确本地区适龄妇女乳腺疾病的分布状况及其影响的相关因素。结果发放问卷调查表5 197份,收回4 988份,收回率95.98%。女性乳腺良性疾病发病率23.28%,发病年龄多为<50岁,以乳腺囊肿、结节、腺病为主;乳腺癌的发病率为120.29/10万,高于全国平均水平,发病年龄多为≥50岁。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析发现初潮年龄、绝经状况、情志因素是影响本地区适龄女性乳腺良、恶性疾病的相关危险因素。结论对本地区<50岁女性要加强乳腺良性疾病的诊治,对≥50岁女性要加强乳腺癌的防治,尤其是要把那些初潮年龄<14岁、未绝经、犹豫型性格、年龄40~70岁的女性作为防治乳腺良恶性疾病的重点人群。

Objective To investigate the distribution of breast diseases among the women of childbearing age in Nanhai District, Fosban City and the related influencing factors, provide effective measures to ensure health of the women in Nanhai District. Methods Clinical examination, breast ultrasonography, mammography, and questionnaire survey were carried out among 5 197 women aged or more than 30 years old in Danzao Town, Nanhai District based on free breast screening method. The results of questionnaire survey and healthy examination were analyzed to confirm the distribution of breast diseases among the women of childbearing age in the region and the related influencing fac- tors. Results A total of 5 197 questionnaires were distributed, and 4 988 questionnaires were collected, the rate was 95, 98%. The incidence rate of breast benign diseases was 23.28%, and most of the women were under 50 years old, breast cyst, nodule, and mammary adenosis were the main type. The incidence rate of breast cancer was 120. 29/10 000, which was higher than the national level, and most of the women were aged 50 years old and above. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that menarche age, menopausal status, and emotion were related risk factors of breast benign and malignant diseases among the women of childbearing age in the re- gion. Conclusions For the women under 50 years old, diagnosis and treatment of breast benign diseases should be strengthened. For the women aged 50 years old and above, prevention and treatment of breast cancer should be strengthened. The women with menarche age under 14 years old, un-menopausal women, women with hesitation-type character, and women aged 40-70 years old were target population of pre- vention and treatment of breast benign and malignant diseases.