生产性服务业发展的动力机制与空间效应研究进展

Progress of research on the growth dynamics and spatial effects of producer services

伴随着全球生产方式从"福特制"向"后福特制"的转变,生产性服务业逐渐取代制造业成为"后工业社会"区域经济增长和城市体系重构的主导产业。本文梳理了国内外相关文献,并结合国家自然科学基金青年项目"政治经济学视角下中国生产性服务业发展的多层级动力机制及其区域城市化效应"的研究成果,对已有理论及其在中国的适应性进行讨论。结论为:(1)中国生产性服务业在时空演变态势上既呈现出与西方发达国家同期发展阶段趋同的特征,也具有自身独特的发展路径;(2)转型期政府—市场、政府—企业、中央—地方等关系,决定了政府对经济的调控程度以及资金、土地和劳动力等要素市场的发育程度,形成了中国生产性服务业发展与西方国家不同的动力机制。(3)中国生产性服务业的增长和集聚促进了巨型城市区域的发展,改变了城市体系的组织模式,但有别于西方的是,中国生产性服务业的空间效应需考虑生产性服务业与制造业联系的影响。

With the shift from Fordist to post-Fordist production, producer services have replaced manufacturing as the central activities in shaping regional economies and reorganizing the city systems of the ＂post-industrial＂ societies. Based on a critical evaluation of the existing literature, and an elaboration of the deliveries of the project ＂ A study of the multi-scalar growth dynamics of producer services and its urbanization effects： from the political economy perspective＂ supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, this article discusses the applicability of the existing theories when they are used to understand the growth dynamics of producer services and its spatial effects in China. The main findings include：（1） producer services development shows similar pattern to that in the West, but exhibits its unique characteristics as well;（2） due to the distinctive relationships between the state and the market, the state and enterprises, and the central and local governments in China, existing theories and explanations, developed on the basis of the Western experiences, have yielded important insights but at the same time show limitations to account for the uneven growth of producer services in China; and（3） the dramatic expansion of producer services has led to the rapid growth of large cities and the emergence of mega-city regions, which have reshaped the economic space and reorganized the urban system in China. However, different from its Western counterparts, the spatial effects in China need to consider the impacts from the manufacturing industry.