茶树被茶跗线螨取食后重要生理生化指标的变化趋势分析

Main physiological variation in tea leaves fed by broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus(Banks)

为明确茶树Camellia sinensis被茶跗线螨Polyphagotarsonemus latus为害后的生理生化指标变化,采用室内常规生理指标测定方法及高效液相色谱法测定不同受害程度茶树叶片的生理生化指标、活性氧代谢酶和鲜叶挥发物成分的变化。结果显示:茶树叶片中的初生代谢产物叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量随着受害程度的加深呈降低趋势,均较对照显著降低;次生代谢产物茶多酚、咖啡碱和儿茶素含量在不同受害程度下均较对照有所增加,其中丝氨酸、谷氨酸、茶氨酸、脯氨酸、瓜氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸6种氨基酸含量均在重度受害时达到最大,较对照分别显著增加了52.00%、48.67%、63.16%、500.00%、107.41%和100.00%。表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在受害叶片中的含量均较健康叶片显著增加,在轻度受害时含量最高,表儿茶素在受害叶中的含量均低于健康叶片;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶的活性均随着受害程度的加深呈下降趋势,谷胱甘肽还原酶活性则呈先升高后降低的趋势,在轻度受害叶片中活性最高,为对照的1.24倍。茶跗线螨可诱导茶树叶片释放大量挥发物,与对照相比增加了14种物质,挥发物总量随着受害程度加深而增加。

In order to clarify the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes, tea injured by broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus, the reactive oxygen metabolizing enzymes, volatiles, physiological and biochemical indexes of tea leaves were investigated by the method of indoor routine physiological indexes and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble sugar were decreased with the damage by P. latus increased, and significantly lower than the control group. The tea polyphones, caffeine, catechin of the leaves damaged by P.latus were increased compared with control group. The serine, glutamate, theanine, proline, citrulline,and γ-aminobutyric acid in the severly damaged leaves were increased significantly compared with control group, rising by 52.00%, 48.67%, 63.16%, 500.00%, 107.41%, and 100.00%, respectively. The content of epigallocatechin gallate of the leaves damaged by P. latus was increased significantly compared with control group, and reached to the highest in the lightly damaged leaf, while the content of epicatechin in the victim leaves was lower than that of healthy leaves. The reactive oxygen species of the leaf damaged by P. latus was changed; the activity of ascorbate peroxidased, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase were declined with the P. latus damage increased; the activity of glutathione reductase were declined, and the activity of glutathione reductase was the highest in the lightly damaged leaves, which was 1.24 times of the control. The variety of volatiles was released from the leaves damaged by P. latus. Fourteen aromatics were detected only in the leaves damaged by P. latus. The content of volatiles was increased with the P. latus damage increased.