关于“突出”(foregrounding)的三个关键问题

Foregrounding and Three Relevant Key Issues

突出既包括对常规语言的偏离 /变异 ,也包括对常规形式的使用或频繁使用 ,即广义上的排比。突出与常规是相对而言的 ,尤其是在标准语言和诗学语言之间。诗歌语言中对常规语言的偏离在诗歌范畴里是常规 ,而不是突出。因此 ,突出是有相对性的。值得注意的是 ,并非所有的突出都是文体特征 ,只有那些被意义促动的特征才是具有艺术性的文体特征。

Foregrounding involves not only the deviation of language norms but also the use or frequent use of the norms, i.e. parallelism in the broad sense. Foregrounding and conventionalization are relative, especially between standard language and poetic language. In poetic language, deviation of language norms becomes automatic, not foregrounded, in the category of poetry. It's worth noticing that not all foregrounded features have stylistic value. Only those motivated features are of artistic and stylistic significance.