煤矿临时建设用地凹凸地貌重塑技术研究——以重庆市木朗煤矿为例

Geomorphology Reconstruction Technology of Coal Mine Temporary Construction Land——A Case Study of Mulang Coal Mine in Chongqing

地貌重构是煤矿开采区土地复垦和生态恢复过程中的重要环节,直接决定煤矿临时建设用地复垦后的微地貌框架,决定复垦方向在利用上的稳定性.综合集成土地复垦、边坡治理、水土流失防治等方面的措施,考虑压占损毁、堆积损毁地貌形成原因、可能产生的危害(隐患点),尤其现有地貌和利用方式距离原有地貌和利用方式的偏差大小,细化了煤矿临时建设用地凹凸地貌重塑技术体系:建筑物与构筑物拆除技术、土地平整与表土剥覆技术、沟道再造与道路工程技术和坡面防护技术,并选择重庆市綦江区木朗煤矿进行典型案例的实证研究.总体看,这些技术在很大程度上可以决定煤矿区临时建设用地地表起伏的大小,控制平地、山丘、洼地的配置形式,影响煤矿区临时建设用地地貌的大致架构.但是,因缺乏对地貌形成中的自然因素及周围景观环境的考虑,塑造的地貌往往与周围原有地貌之间存在较大差异,未来应运用微地形理论在微观尺度上对煤矿临时建设用地进行坡度设计、沟谷布局,参考仿自然地貌理论,协调重塑地貌与周围地貌之间的关系,构建多种理论结合指导的受损土地地貌重塑技术体系,从根本上为煤矿临时建设用地凹凸地貌重塑提供技术支撑和科学依据.

Landform reconstruction is an important link in the process of land reclamation and ecological restoration in coal mining areas.It directly determines the micro-landform frame after reclamation of temporary construction land of a coal mine and the stability of the reclamation direction.Taking into account the causes for the formation of pressure/accumulation-damaged landforms and its possible hazards（hidden dangers）and,especially,the size of deviation of the current geomorphology and utilization from the original geomorphology and utilization,this study integrates the measures of land reclamation,slope control,soil erosion control and the like to refine the technological system of reshaping concave-convex landform in temporary construction land for coal mines.With the Mulang Coal Mine in Qijiang District of Chongqing as a typical case,the authors have made an empirical research with the demolition technology of constructions and structures,land leveling and topsoil stripping technology,and channel reconstruction,road engineering and slope surface protection technology.Overall,these technologies can largely determine the surface fluctuation size of temporary construction land in the coal mine area,control the configuration form of grounds,hills and depressions,and also affect its general architecture.However,in the absence of natural factors in the formation of landform and the surrounding landscape environment,the shape of the landscape is often different from that of the surrounding landscape.In the future,the micro-terrain theory should be applied to the temporary construction land for the slope of the design and the layout of the valleys.By referring to the theory of natural geomorphology,coordinating the relationship between the reshaping topography and the surrounding landscape,and building a reshaping technology system of a variety of theories combined with the guidance of the damaged land will provide a technical support and a scientific basis for concave-convex landform reshaping in temporary construction land.