仔猪自动精细饲喂系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Auto-precision Feeding System for Piglets

针对目前仔猪养殖成本高、自动化程度低的问题,设计了仔猪自动精细饲喂系统。系统包括机械本体和控制系统两部分,机械本体主要由下料电动机及下料螺旋装置、搅拌电动机及搅拌刀片和供水系统组成;控制系统主要由移动控制终端、控制器控制面板及控制器组成。系统控制部分可根据液位传感器、光电传感器和电动机编码器信号对自动精细饲喂装置的下料电动机、搅拌电动机和上水水泵进行实时控制,实现仔猪饲喂过程中的配料、搅拌、喂料、冲洗料桶和食槽的自动化。系统测试结果表明:系统运行稳定可靠,能够实现干湿料的精细混合和均匀搅拌;以电动机转速为150 r/min为例进行试验,自动精细饲喂系统的落料量与电动机的运行时间成正比关系(r^2=0.999 4),实际落料量与理论计算的落料量一致,其误差小于5%;测量饲喂系统螺旋装置转速分别为50、100、150、200、250 r/min时的下料量,结果表明下料量不随旋转输送装置转速的增加而无限增加,在转速为200 r/min时达到最大值,为0.133 t/h;该自动精细饲喂系统现场试验表明第2周与第3周喂养仔猪平均日增长量约为人工喂养的2倍。

The automatic feeding system was designed in order to solve the problems of high cost and low automation. The system was composed of mechanical body and control system. The mechanical body mainly consisted of the feeding motor, feeding screw device, the stirring motor, mixing blade and the water supply system. The control system was composed of mobile control terminal, controller control panel and controller. The control part of the system can control the mechanical body of automatic fine feeding device based on liquid level sensor and photoelectric sensor, which can realize real-time control of the blanking motor, feeding motor and water pump and automation of ingredients, stirring, feeding, and washing buckets in process of pig feeding. Automatic feeding device included dry mixing motor, controller, profile, angle code, dry silo, mixing blades, water pump, hopper, discharge chute, mixed mixing blades, hybrid motor, feeding trough, spiral blade, arrange ushering bearing, carbon pipe, coupling and other parts. The results showed that the system was stable and reliable, and the mixing of dry and wet materials was realized. The drop of the feeding system was proportional to the operation time of the motor, and the determination coefficient of the relationship of positive proportional function was 0.9994 with motor at the speed of 150r/min in the test. The actual amount of falling material was the same as that of theoretical calculation, and its error was within 5%. The rotation speed of the feeding system was measured at 50r/min, 100r/min, 150r/min, 200r/min and 250r/min. The results showed that the quantity of the lower material reached the maximum at 200r/min, and the rate was 0.133t/h. Pig farms in Henan Province were taken as the test subject, totally 90 piglets were randomly divided into three groups of 30 piglets in the experiment. The average daily increment of piglets fed in the second and third weeks by the system was approximately twice of that of normal feeding.