玉米秸秆复配基质对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响

Effect of Corn Stalk Compound Substrate on Cucumber Seedling Growth

为探索玉米秸秆替代传统基质草炭的可行性,以"中农19号"黄瓜为供试材料,将玉米秸秆、草炭、沼渣、蛭石、珍珠岩等按不同体积比混配制成育苗基质。通过电镜扫描和能谱分析对玉米秸秆和草炭的形貌特征及元素组成进行分析比较,并进行穴盘育苗试验,研究玉米秸秆对基质理化性质和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:添加玉米秸秆对基质的容重、总孔隙度、有机质含量、p H值和电导率EC等理化性质有改善作用;将玉米秸秆按照适宜的体积配比代替草炭和沼渣育苗时,对黄瓜幼苗的生长发育有促进作用。试验表明,与对照组CK1(草炭25%、沼渣25%、珍珠岩25%、蛭石25%)相比,T1(秸秆10%、草炭20%、沼渣20%、珍珠岩25%、蛭石25%)和T2(秸秆20%、草炭15%、沼渣15%、珍珠岩25%、蛭石25%)更适宜作物生长,种子萌发40 d时,T1组黄瓜幼苗的株高为(8.61±0.34)cm、茎粗为(4.34±0.27)mm、叶绿素相对含量为(37.40±2.15)SPAD、叶面积为(60.21±1.69)cm^2、根系活力为(118.306±30.611)TTFμg/(g·h),均显著高于对照组CK1。因此,玉米秸秆对黄瓜幼苗的生长具有一定的促进作用,可代替部分草炭用于育苗基质的配制。

In order to explore the feasibility of replacing non renewable peat with corn straw in traditional substrate, the cucumber varieties “Zhongnong 19” was used as the test material, and cornstalk, peat, biogas residue, vermiculite, perlite and so on were mixed according to different volume ratios to make seedling substrate. The morphology and element composition of straw and peat were analyzed and compared by electron microscope scanning and energy spectrum analysis, the effects of corn straw on the physicochemical properties of substrate and the growth of cucumber plug seedlings were investigated. Furthermore, a suitable compound substrate formula for cucumber seedling production was screened out. Twelve different substrates were tested, including a mixture of 25% peat, 25% biogas residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite （CK1）;100% corn straw （CK2）;100% soil （CK3）;a mixture of 10% corn straw, 20% peat, 20% biogas residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite （T1）;a mixture of 20% corn straw, 15% peat, 15% biogas residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite （T2）;a mixture of 30% corn straw,10% peat, 10% biogas residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite （T3）;a mixture of 40% corn straw, 5% peat, 5% biogas residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite （T4）;a mixture of 50% corn straw, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite （T5）;a mixture of 80% soil and 20% corn straw （T6）;a mixture of 60% soil and 40% corn straw （T7）;a mixture of 40% soil and 60% corn straw （T8）;and a mixture of 20% soil and 80% corn straw （T9）. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The effects of corn stalk on seedling emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and seedling biomass were analyzed as well as the physicochemical properties of different substrates, including bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, pH value and EC values. Corn straw can be used as a suitable volume ratio instead of peat and biogas residue to raise seedlings, which can promote the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. To a certain extent, the substrate recipes of treatments T1 and T2 could improve the quality of cucumber seedling. The growth index data of treatment T1 at 40d of seed germination are as follows： plant height was （8.61±0.34） cm, stem diameter was （4.34±0.27） mm, chlorophyll relative content was （37.40±2.15） SPAD, leaf area was （60.21±1.69） cm2, root activity was （118.306±30.611） TTFμg/（g·h）, and the content of organic matter of cucumber seedlings in T1 was significantly higher than that of CK1. There was no significant difference in the growth index between T2 and CK , but the biomass of root of （100.53±2.71） TTFμg/（g·h） at T2 was significantly higher than that of CK1. Therefore, corn straw had a certain role in promoting the growth of seedlings, which can be used instead of peat for the nursery substrate configuration, but it was necessary to control the volume percentage of corn stalks within 20% in order to avoid inhibiting the growth of cucumber seedlings.