我国的林业政策与社会保护:在改善生态和减轻贫困中相互促进

Forestry Policy and Social Protection in China:Coherent in the Process of Ecological Restoration and Poverty Alleviation

文章通过文献研究、林业重点工程及集体林权改革相关数据分析,研究我国林业政策和社会保护对改善生态和减轻贫困的作用及其相互作用机理。研究发现,在我国,社会保护与林业政策相辅相成：我国的社会保护政策为林区人口提供了基本的和不断增强的社会安全,减轻了他们的生存和发展对森林资源的压力,提高了林业政策的执行效果;由于肩负生态建设与改善民生的双重重任,我国的主要林业政策和改革措施中内设了许多社会保障内容,发挥了促进森林可持续经营和改善林业生产者福利的作用;大多数林区地处偏远、林业生产条件艰苦、贫困程度深,一般的社会保障难以解决林业特殊的困难,快速发展的城镇化、工业化和农业现代化加剧了林业的风险和不确定性,需要进一步加大林业政策扶持力度;在农村扶贫机制从开发式扶贫为主转向保障式扶贫转变的背景下,社会保险、医疗等社会救助对林业减贫将发挥更大作用,林业扶贫政策应当主动与社会保护政策相衔接。

The paper explored the role of forestry policy and social protection in ecological restoration and poverty alleviation and coherent between the two through literature review and data analysis of key forestry programs as well as collective forestry tenure reform. It was found that： China＇s social-protection and forestry policies are com- plementary. On one hand, social-protection policies are the foundation for sustainable forest management in that they provide medical, pension and educational assistance for people dependent on forests, thereby reducing pressure on forests and increasing the efficiency of forestry policies. On the other hand, China implements forestry policies that contain integral social-protection measures to address dual issues of ecological restoration and poverty allevia- tion. Since forest region normally allocated in remote areas and forestry industry are relative hard in nature, general social protection can＇ t cover forestry risks, it is need to strengthen forestry policy support.The rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization have intensified the risk and uncertainty of forestry, and need to further strengthen the support of forestry policy. In the context of the transformation of the rural pover- ty alleviation mechanism from the development type to the guarantee type of poverty alleviation, social insurance and medical assistance will play a greater role in reducing the poverty of forestry. Therefore the forestry poverty alle- viation policy should take the initiative to link up with the social protection policy.