论“违约方获益”之归属

Discussion on the Ownership of the gains of the promisor

在故意违约情由中,违约获益会超过其违约损害赔偿责任,违约方权衡后会选择承担责任而拒绝履行合同,此时守约方所获救济是不充分的。投机性故意违约行为并不能促进效率,不仅破坏了对方的期待和信赖,也摧毁了契约精神与合同的道德基础,潜移默化影响市场整体交易秩序。因此应剥夺故意违约行为所获利益,并赔偿给受损的相对方。

In the case of the wilful breach of contract, the gains from the behavior is beyond the damages of breach of contract, and the promise will prefer the damages to the performance of the contract, so the promise could not receive the sufficient relief. It imperceptibly affects the ensemble bargain order in the market, and it is mainly limited by the foreseeable ability of the promisor in making the contract. The opportunistic and wilful behavior of breach of contract gives no efficiency, and not only injures the expectation and reliance of the promise, but also destroys the contract spirit and the moral base of contract. Thus the gain from the wilful breach of contract should be disgorged to the injured promisee.