民俗学视阈下未成年人葬俗的传播与变异——以海岱地区史前时期瓮棺葬为例

The Spread and Variation of Juvenile Burial Customs from the Perspective of Folkloristics: The Prehistorical Urn-Burial in Haidai Region

葬俗作为人生礼俗的内容之一在民俗学中备受关注,以瓮棺葬形式埋葬未成年人是海岱地区大汶口文化中期偏早到晚期阶段曾一度流行的习俗。与中原和江汉地区相比,本区瓮棺葬以"陶片覆盖葬"为主,"完整陶器装入葬"较少,在葬具的组合和墓主年龄及埋葬位置等方面亦存在自身特点。海岱地区先民在向西拓殖的过程中主动引入了豫中地区的瓮棺葬俗,并且加以改造来适应自身文化。民俗学理论中关于葬俗传播和变异的研究为阐释史前时期海岱地区瓮棺葬俗提供了新的启示。

"Skeleton covered by potshards"is the main form of the prehistorical urn-burial in Haidai Region and"skeleton in pottery"is rare.There are many similarities and differences between Haidai Region and the Central Plains or Jianghan Region in the combination of burial tools,the age of the body and the location of the burial.The earliest urn-burial occurred in the middle stages of Beixin culture and became popular in the middle to late stages of Dawenkou culture.During the Longshan period,it tended to disappear.In the process of westward colonization,the ancestors of Haidai Region adopted the urn-burial from the Central Henan Region and reformed it as their local custom.The folklore theory about the diffusion and variation of burial customs can provide new inspirations for the research of prehistorical urn-burial in Haidai Region.