社会变动、“生世界”与民俗

Social Change,Life-world,and Vernacular

民俗学源自17世纪意大利的维柯,在18、19世纪反启蒙主义、反霸权主义的社会脉络中,由德国的赫尔德、格林兄弟等大力推进的文献学,与莫泽尔的乡土社会研究合流而形成并扩散到世界各地,在各地形成了独自发展的学术领域。民俗学这门学问是关注在与霸权、普遍、中心、主流等不同的社会层面展开的人之‘生’,通过对包含二者关系在内的内在理解,产生新的见识,将以前者为标准形成的知识体系相对化并超越。如此定义之下的民俗学如何才能接近现代人之"生",这一问题十分有必要从其理论框架进行思考。

Vernacular studies began in the 17th century with the work of Giambattista Vico(1668-1744),and in the social context of the anti-hegemonic and anti-enlightenment movements of 18th and 19th century Germany was formed from the confluence of the Philology strongly promoted by Johann Gottfried von Herder(1744-1803)and the Grimm brothers(Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm[1785-1863]and Wilhelm Karl Grimm[1786-1859])with the Local Studies of Justus M9ser(1720-1794).Vernacular studies subsequently spread around the world and uniquely developed as a discipline in each area.It is a scholarly field that engenders knowledge that based on subjective understandings which incorporate the relationships between human life as developing from dimensions different than the social topologies of authority,the universal,the center and mainstream,overcomes and relativizes bodies of knowledge composed from the criteria of the latter.This paper aims to provide a general outline of the development of vernacular studies in Japan as well as a vision for the future of vernacular studies based on that development.