清末民初矿工抚恤规则考析

On the Rules of Miners' Compensation for Work-related Injury during the Peroid from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Early Republic of China

清末民初,矿工抚恤规则经历了从风俗到立法的演变过程。19世纪70年代,地方矿务局开始出现正式的抚恤规则,19世纪90年代以后,抚恤规则进入中央政府的矿业立法,20世纪20年代后进入中央政府的劳工立法。期间抚恤项目越来越全面,标准越来越高。抚恤规则演变过程中,政府在矿业管理与劳工保护制度现代化方面的努力、劳工保护的社会舆论的兴起、在工人政党组织领导下矿工群体争取抚恤的斗争等因素起了推进作用。规则的演变体现了近代矿工作为雇佣劳动者社会地位的变化及矿工工伤保障制度的现代转型。

The rules of Miners＇ Compensation for work custom to legislation during the peroid from the Late Qing - related injury went through the evolution from Dynasty to the Early Republic of China. In the 1870s, it began to appear formal Compensation rules in the local mining bureau. Then, the rules entered the central government＇s mining legislation in the 1890s, into the central labor legislation in the 1920s. The compensation items are becoming more comprehensive and standards are getting higher and higher The following factors contributed to the introduction of legislation ： The government＇ s efforts in the moderni- zation of mining management and labor protection; the rise of social protection of labor protection; the struggle of miners for the issue of Compensation under the organization and leadership of the workers ＇ polit- ical parties. The evolution of the rules reflects the changes in modem miners＇ social status as employed workers and the modem transformation of miner work injury protection system.