个体死亡对施工安全事故学习的影响路径分析

Path analysis of impact of individual death on construction safety accident learning

为提高事故知识获取的效率,考虑安全事故中个体可能死亡的固有特点,将幸存者拥的有信息和调查组层级纳入事故学习模型中,同时引入事故特征和其他信息来源作为调节变量,构建个体死亡对事故学习影响机制概念模型,并通过78份施工事故调查报告采集数据,运用路径分析法进行验证。研究表明：幸存者拥有的信息对还原事故过程和确定事故直接原因有显著的正向影响,但同时存在＂死亡悖论＂;调查组层级的影响总体不显著;持续时间短和作业空间开阔的事故特征及其他信息来源会对上述关系产生调节作用;应细化见证者访谈手册,在隐蔽空间推广使用监控设备,公开全部事故资料及建立调查组层级动态调整机制。

For the sake of improving the accident learning efficiency,a model was built for impact of individual death on construction safety accident learning,after considering the individual death as the inherent characteristics of safety accidents,the information the survivors and the survey group have,and taking the accident characteristics and other sources of information as regulation variables. On the basis of the data collected from 78 investigation reports on construction accidents,the model was verified by using path analysis. The results show that the information from the survivors is helpful in understanding accident and identifying the direct cause,but the ＂ death paradox＂ exists; the overall impact of the survey group is not significant; the data from other sources as well as the short duration and the open space of the accident have a regulating effect on the relationship above; the witness interview manual should be refined; use of monitoring equipment in the closed spaces should be promoted; all the accident data should be made public; and a adjustment mechanism of the investigation unit should be established.