东亚地区大都市的管理层级设置及启示——基于对东京、首尔、台北和香港的归纳分析

The Setup of Metropolitan Management Hierarchy in East Asia and its Enlightenment: Based on the Analysis of Tokyo,Seoul,Taipei and Hong Kong

在城镇化取得举世瞩目成就的同时,我国城市管理效率低下等问题也日益凸显。东亚发达国家和地区的人口密度、历史传统与我国有很多相似之处,研究东亚典型城市的管理层级,对于提高我国城市管理效率具有重要借鉴意义。东京、首尔、台北和香港四个东亚典型城市治理层级的基本特点是:层级精简、结构扁平;各行政层级职能分立、合作互补;向市场和社会分权,实行基层自治。其对我国城市管理层级改革的启示是:应精简"二级政府、三级管理、四级落实"的科层高耸结构;打破职责同构,合理配置城市政府纵向职能分工;变"一只手"的政府管理为政府、市场、社会的共同治理,引导市场和社会参与城市基层治理。

While the urbanization in China has made remarkable achievements,issues such as the low efficiency of urban management have become increasingly prominent.The population density and historical traditions of developed countries and regions in East Asia have many similarities with China.Studying the management hierarchy in typical cities in East Asia has important implications for improving the efficiency of urban management in China.The basic characteristics of the four typical East A-sian cities-Tokyo,Seoul,Taipei,and Hong Kong are:simplified hierarchy and flat structure;the separation of functions,cooperation and complementarity among various administrative levels;the decentralization of power to the market and society,and the implementation of grassroot-level self-governance.Its enlightenment to the reform of China's urban management hierarchy is:streamlining the traditional pyramid hierarchy;breaking the isomorphism in responsibilities and realizing rational division of vertical functions;transforming from mere government management to the joint governance of government,market,and society,and guiding the market and society to participate in urban grassroot-level governance.