蟠桃果实和种胚发育规律的研究

Study on the development of fruit and embryo of flat peach

为探讨早熟蟠桃胚败育的发生规律,对早熟蟠桃‘沪蟠1号’和晚熟蟠桃‘玉露蟠桃’的果实和种胚的发育规律进行了研究。结果表明:‘沪蟠1号’果实的硬核期持续时间较‘玉露蟠桃’少2周,果实其余的发育时期持续时间基本相同;‘沪蟠1号’胚的干物质含量和胚发育指数PF值远远低于‘玉露蟠桃’;‘沪蟠1号’与‘玉露蟠桃’胚的迅速生长期为5月25日—6月7日,‘沪蟠1号’胚乳大小与形状不均,畸形胚比例高,‘玉露蟠桃’胚乳整齐,畸形胚比例低,推测胚乳的异常是导致胚败育的一个重要原因;‘沪蟠1号’和‘玉露蟠桃’种子的最终败育率分别为50%和10%;胚挽救工作尽量选择在胚败育前进行,‘沪蟠1号’的胚挽救工作需要在5月25日之前进行。

In order to explore the occurrence of embryo abortion in early-ripening flat peach, thedevelopment of fruit and embryo of early ripening flat peach ‘ Hupan 1 ’ and late-ripening flat peach‘Yulupantao’ were investigated. The results showed that the stone-hardening stage of ‘Hupan 1’ was less thanthat of ‘ Yulupantao’ for 2 weeks,and the rest of the fruit development period was basically the same. The drymatter content and development index PF value of ‘ Hupan 1 ’ embryo were much lower than those of‘Yulupantao’. The rapid growth period of ‘Hupan 1’ and ‘Yulupantao’ embryo was from May 25 th to June7 th. The endosperm size and shape of ‘ Hupan 1’ were uneven and the proportion of abnormal embryos washigh,while the endosperm size of ‘Yulupantao’ was uniform and the proportion of abnormal embryos was low. Itwas speculated that the abnormal endosperm was an important cause of embryo abortion. The abortion rates of‘Hupan 1’ and ‘Yulupantao’ were 50% and 10% respectively. Embryo rescue should be carried out beforeembryo abortion,so ‘Hupan 1’ needed embryo rescue before May 25 th.