普通油茶花粉的超低温保存研究

The cryopreservation of Camellia oleifera pollen

为实现普通油茶花粉周年保存,对普通油茶3个无性系品种的花粉进行超低温保存研究。结果表明:花粉投放液氮前的含水量、预冻及解冻方式对超低温保存效果具有明显影响。3个品种花粉烘干(30℃)脱水2~5 h,花粉含水量达11.65%~15.70%时,超低温保存效果最佳;-26℃预冻(1 h)具有明显的预冻效果,液氮保存后花粉萌发率显著高于其他处理;超低温保存后的花粉采用38℃温水浴(3 min)快速解冻及-80℃(1 h)→-20℃(1 h)→4℃(1 h)逐级解冻,均能较好保持花粉活力。4℃低温干燥保存油茶花粉,能满足短期内(30 d)授粉的需要;超低温技术可以实现油茶花粉的周年保存,且保存一年的花粉较初始活力差异不显著。

Researches was carried out on cryopreservation of 3 varieties of Cameillia pollen for effective pollen storage along one year. The results showed that water content, pre-chill method and thawing method after LN treatment had significant effect on pollen viability. The data indicated that after LN treatment, pollen which dried for 2-5 h at 30℃ with water content of 11.65%-15.70% held the highest germination rate. Pre-chill at-26℃（1 h） significantly increased the pollen viability after storage in LN in comparison with other treatments. The defreezing methods of rapid thawing with 38℃ hot water for 3 min and-80℃（1 h） →-20℃（1 h） → 4℃（1 h） are better for pollen recover that other treatment. Pollen storaged under 4℃ condition kept its viability for a short time, which could satisfy the cross-breeding for about 30 days. The technology of cryopreservation could keep Camellia pollen viability at a high level along one year, which had no significant difference with initial pollen germination rate.