阻燃处理对竹丝装饰材燃烧及防霉性能的影响

Effect of flame retardant treatments on the antimold and combustion properties of decorative bamboo filament

竹丝装饰材是以竹丝为基本结构单元,通过编织或胶粘制成的装饰材料的总称,目前已被应用于室内墙体及天花板的装饰装修中,因此,对其阻燃改性的研究有着重要的应用价值。本研究采用质量分数为25.00%的磷酸脒基脲阻燃剂,对经济竹种毛竹制造的竹丝装饰材料进行阻燃处理,采用ESEM对阻燃前后竹丝装饰材进行微观形貌观察,采用锥形量热仪、热重分析仪对阻燃处理前后的竹丝装饰材进行燃烧性能和热解特性表征,并通过霉菌接种试验测试比较阻燃前后防霉性能的变化。结果表明:阻燃剂在竹丝装饰材的细胞腔内有较好的沉积;阻燃剂能够有效促进催化成炭,其热释放速率峰值(PKHRR)下降44.87%,在115 s内的热释放总量(THR)下降42.22%;烟释放速率峰(PKSPR)降幅为67.39%;烟释放总量(TSP)降幅为95.00%,比消光面积下降94.37%;热解区间缩短且向前推移,热解残炭率提高19.95%;阻燃后的竹丝装饰材对霉菌和变色菌的防治效率略有提升,其中对绿色木霉的防治效率达到100.00%。

Decorative bamboo filament is a new material made with bamboo filament by weaving or adhesive, which have been used in indoor wall and ceiling decoration.The fire resistance of the decorative bamboo filament has important application value.In this paper, decorative bamboo filament had been treated with the guanylurea phosphate flame retardants separately. Using environment scanning electron microscopy to observe micromorphology before and after flame retardant treatment. This study also evaluated the effects before and after guanylurea phosphate treatments on the heat release and smoke release of decorative bamboo filaments with a cone analysis. The thermostability was tested by thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） and the mildew-proof efficiency was compared before and after the modification.The results showed that compared to the untreated samples, the guanylurea phosphate fire retardants had good deposition in parenchyma cells. The treated samples contained with 25.00% guanylurea phosphate effectively reduced the heat and smoke release from the decorative bamboo filament, the PKHRR and THR in 115 s was respectively reduced by 44.87% and 42.22%; the PKSPR, TSP and ASEA of treated decorative bamboo filament was respectively reduced 67.39%, 95.00% and 94.37%. The pyrolysis interval was shortened and the rate of pyrolysis was increased by 19.95%. The mildew preventing efficiency of mildew was slightly promoted, the efficiency of trichodema viride even reached 100.00%.