控释氮肥侧条施用对东北地区水稻产量和氮肥损失的影响

Effects of Side Strip Application of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Loss in Northeast China

为探索东北地区水稻种植过程中控释氮肥侧条施用对水稻产量和氮素损失的影响,设置对照不施氮肥(CK)、农民常规施肥(FP)、高量控释氮肥(HN)、中量控释氮肥(MN)和低量控释氮肥(LN)共5个处理,通过田间小区试验研究了控释氮肥侧条施用对水稻产量、氮素回收率、农学利用效率、径流损失和不同层次淋溶水中总氮浓度变化的影响。结果表明:HN处理和MN处理在氮肥用量降低10%~20%的条件下与FP处理比较水稻籽粒产量没有显著降低,HN处理的穗数和穗粒数分别比FP处理提高了10.79%和15.38%,当氮肥减量30%(LN处理)时,水稻籽粒产量降低明显。控释氮肥侧条施用显著提高了氮肥回收率和农学利用效率,HN处理与FP处理比较氮肥回收率提高了5.23个百分点,氮肥农学效率也比FP处理提高了6.48kg/kg。控释氮肥侧条施用降低了田面水中总氮浓度和径流损失,控释氮肥各处理氮素径流损失降低幅度在37.32%~47.10%。控释氮肥侧条施用降低了淋溶水体中总氮浓度,并延迟了总氮浓度峰值出现时间,减少了氮素淋洗损失的风险,是一种兼顾水稻产量的环境友好型施肥技术。

A field experiment was carried out in rice planting field in Northeast China,to investigate the effect of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer side strip application on rice yield and nitrogen losses.Five treatments were set up,including no nitrogen fertilizer as control（CK）,farmer conventional fertilization（FP）,high amount controlled release nitrogen fertilizer（HN）,medium amount controlled release nitrogen fertilizer（MN）,and low amount controlled release nitrogen fertilizer（LN）.The effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer side strip application on rice yield,nitrogen recovery rate,agronomic efficiency,runoff loss,and total nitrogen concentration in leaching water at different levels were studied.Results showed that the grain yield in HN treatment and MN treatment that reduce 10%to 20% nitrogen fertilizer use show no significant change compared with that in FP treatment.The number of spikes and grain number per spike in HN treatment were 10.79% and 15.38% higher than that in FP treatments,respectively.When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%（LN treatment）,the grain yield of rice was significantly decreased.In HN treatment,the recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 5.23%,and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 6.48 kg/kg higher than that in FP treatment.Compared with the FP treatment,controlled release nitrogen fertilizer Side Strip Application treatments reduced the total nitrogen concentration and runoff loss in surface water,nitrogen loss reduction rate in HN treatment,MN treatment and LN treatment varied between 37.32%-47.10%.Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer Side Strip Application can reduced the risk of nitrogen losses,delayed both the total nitrogen concentration in the leaching water and the peak time of the total nitrogen concentration,and be considered as an environment-friendly fertilization technology that takes rice yield into account.