不同肥料配施对酸性土钙素活化及花生产量和品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Applications on Calcium Activation,Yield and Quality of Peanut in Acidic Soil

为了揭示增施钙肥和不同肥料配施对沿海地区酸性土钙素增量及活化效应,于2015—2016年设置单施无机肥(CK_1)、无机肥/熟石灰配施(T_1)、无机肥—有机肥配施(CK_2)、无机肥—有机肥—熟石灰配施(T_2)、无机肥—有机肥—微生物肥配施(CK_3)、无机肥—有机肥—微生物肥—熟石灰配施(T_3)6个处理,研究了不同肥料配施对酸性土有效钙含量、花生植株性状、荚果产量和籽仁品质的影响。结果表明:CK_2和CK_3均在一定程度上提高酸性土中水溶性钙和交换性钙含量,0—20cm水溶性钙含量各生育期平均分别比CK_1提高48.13%和66.50%,交换性钙含量分别提高39.12%和60.88%。增施钙肥处理(T_1、T_2和T_3)能显著增加水溶性钙和交换性钙含量,但_T1处理对有效钙含量增加较少,而T_2和T_3处理增加幅度较大,其中T_3处理0—20cm水溶性钙和交换性钙含量各生育期平均比CK_3提高1.63,1.74倍,说明钙肥与有机肥和微生物肥配施能显著提高酸性土钙素活化度。不同肥料配施均提高了酸性土花生的主茎高、分枝数、主茎绿叶数、单株干物质重、叶面积指数和实收株数,增加了单株结果数和荚果饱满度,显著提高了荚果产量,并提高了蛋白质、总氨基酸和脂肪含量以及O/L值。其中T_3处理分别比CK_3、T_2、CK_2、T_1和CK_1增产14.38%,4.99%,18.31%,25.65%和52.52%,增产幅度最大,其籽仁品质也最优。增施钙肥并与有机肥和微生物肥配施能显著提高酸性土钙素活化度、有效钙含量、荚果产量和籽仁品质。

In order to reveal effects of calcium fertilizer application and different fertilizer application on the improvement of available Ca^（2＋） and calcium-activation on acid soil of coastal areas,experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2016 to study the effects of different fertilizer applications on available calcium content,plant characters,pod yield and kernel quality of peanut.Six treatments were single inorganic fertilizer（CK1）,inorganic/slaked lime fertilizer（T1）,inorganic/organic fertilizer（CK2）,inorganic/organic/slaked lime fertilizer（T2）,inorganic/organic/microbial fertilizer（CK3）,and inorganic/organic/microbial/slaked lime fertilizer（T3）.The results showed that both CK2 and CK3 could increase the content of water soluble calcium and exchangeable calcium when compared with CK1 in some degree,for example,the average content of water soluble calcium in 0—20 cm soil layer at different growth stages increased by 48.13% and 66.50%,and the average content of exchangeable calcium increased by 39.12%and 60.88%,respectively.Calcium fertilizer treatments,suchas T1,T2 and T3,significantly improved the water soluble calcium and exchangeable calcium content,but T1 showed less effect on their increase than T2 and T3.Among which,The average content of water soluble calcium and exchangeable calcium in 0—20 cm soil layer at different growth stages of T3 increased by 163% and 174% compared with CK3,respectively.These results showed that the organic fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer could significantly improve the calcium-activation in acidic soil.Different fertilizer applications significantly increased the main stem height,branch number,leaf number of main stem,dry weight per plant,leaf area index and the plant number per unit area.Different fertilizer applications also significantly increased the pod yield by increasing the pod number per plant and pod plumpness,and the treatments also improved the content of protein,total amino acids and fat,and increased O/L values.Compared with CK3,T2,CK2,T1 and CK1,the yield of T3 increased by 14.38%,4.99%,18.31%,25.65% and 52.52%,and the kernel quality of T3 was the best.Calcium fertilizer combined with organic and microbial fertilizer could increase the calcium activation degree and effective calcium content,and significantly increase the pod yield and kernel quality of peanut on acidic soil.