青岛市番茄早疫病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选

Identification and Fungicide Selection of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Tomato Early Blight in Qingdao

2016年,山东青岛地区番茄早疫病发生严重,危害较大。为明确引起番茄早疫病的病原菌,以番茄早疫病病叶为试材,采用组织分离、菌物形态学特征并结合rDNA-ITS和His基因序列分析等分子检测方法,对病原菌进行了分离鉴定。结果表明:引起青岛市城阳区番茄早疫病的病原菌为极细链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)。此外,采用菌丝生长速率法,研究了在室内离体条件下极细链格孢对吡唑醚菌酯、戊唑醇、丙环唑、咪鲜胺4种杀菌剂的EC_(50)值,以期筛选出防治番茄早疫病高效低毒杀菌剂,为番茄早疫病防控提供参考依据。药效试验结果表明,4种杀菌剂对极细链格孢的生长均有抑制作用,但不同药剂之间存在差异。极细链格孢对吡唑醚菌酯、戊唑醇、丙环唑、咪鲜胺的EC50值分别为1.088、1.684、3.924、0.476mg·L^(-1)。其中以97%咪鲜胺原油抑制效果最佳,97%吡唑醚菌酯原粉、98%戊唑醇原粉次之,97%丙环唑原油抑制效果最差。

In 2016,the tomato early blight occurred seriously in Qingdao of Shandong Province.In order to identify the pathogen causing tomato early blight,the leaves of the tomato early blight were used as test materials,the organization separation method,the morphological characteristics rDNA-ITS and His sequence analysis and other molecular detection methods were used to identify the fungi.The results showed that Alternaria tenuissima caused tomato early blight,found in Qingdao city.In addition,mycelial growth rate method was used to research the efficacy of four fungicides including pyraclostrobin,tebuconazole,propiconazole,prochloraz in vitro in the laboratory,in order to screen high efficiency and low toxicity fungicides and to provide scientific guidance in tomato production.The results showed that the EC50 value of pyraclostrobin,tebuconazole,propiconazole and prochloraz to A.tenuissima was 1.088,1.684,3.924,0.476 mg·L^-1 respectively.The sensitivity of A.tenuissimato prochloraz increased significantly compared with pyraclostrobin,tebuconazole and propiconazole.Therefore,prochloraz was the best fungicide for the prevention of early blight compared with the other three fungicides.