苹果不同矮化砧穗组合的成活率及生长调查

Investigation of Survival Rate and Growth Indices of Different Dwarf Apple Scion-stock Combinations

以15个矮化砧穗组合苹果苗为研究对象,以‘美乐富士/八棱海棠’和‘烟富3/高山海棠’为乔化对照,对其成活率、茎秆、枝条和叶片的生长指标进行了调查,并通过相关分析和主成分分析,以期了解不同矮化砧穗组合苹果苗在阿拉尔的矮化效果及生长适应性。结果表明:不同矮化砧穗组合苹果苗的成活率和生长指标差异显著,以T337和海棠为基砧的苹果苗成活率高、生长指标较优,而以SH和甜茶做基砧的苹果苗成活率低,并且生长缓慢;结合相关分析和主成分分析,初步推断‘华瑞/SH/海棠’‘礼泉富士/M26/海棠’‘华硕/M26/海棠’‘华星/M26/海棠’‘锦绣红/M26/海棠’‘华瑞/T337’和‘华硕/T337’7个矮化砧穗组合适宜在阿拉尔引种栽培;此外,成活率、株高、接穗直径、砧木直径、结合部直径、发育枝比例、短枝比例、叶绿素含量和叶柄长9个指标可用于评价砧穗组合的矮化及生长适应性。

Compared with the vigorous apple scion-stock combinations of ‘Merlot Fuji/Malus Robusta’ and ‘Yanfu 3/Gaoshan Malus’,the survival rate and the growth indices of stem,branches and leaves of fifteen dwarf apple scion-stock combinations were investigated in this study.For better understanding the results,the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to further process these data.The results showed that there were significant difference among these dwarf apple scion-stock combinations,the apple trees,grafted in T337 and Malus rootstocks,showed high survival rates and excellent growth indices,while those,grafted in SH and Malus Hupehensis var.Pingyiensis rootstocks,showed lower survival rates and slow growth.According to the results of correlation analysis and principal components analysis,it was inferred that the dwarf apple scion-stock combinations of ‘Huarui/SH/Malus’ ‘Liquan Fuji/M26/Malus’ ‘Huashuo/M26/Malus’ ‘Huaxing/M26/Malus’ ‘Jingxiu Red/M26/Malus’ ‘Huarui/T337’ and ‘Huashuo/T337’ had the potential to be introduced in Alar.Additionally,nine indices,including survival rate,plant height,scion diameter,stock diameter,joint part diameter,growth branch ratio,short branch ratio,chlorophyll content and petiole length,might be applied to evaluate the effect of dwarf and growth of different dwarf apple scion-stock combinations.