覆膜沟灌下灌水量对日光温室番茄生长动态、产量及水分生产效率的影响

Effects of Irrigation Amount Under Film-mulched Irrgation on Growth Dynamics,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato

以番茄为试材,采用田间试验方法,在日光温室条件下,设置单次灌水量分别为75、150、225、300、375m^3·hm^(-2),研究了不同灌水量对温室番茄的生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响,以期为番茄合理节水灌溉提供参考依据。结果表明:不同生长发育指标对灌水量处理的反应具有阶段性。在番茄需水量较大的盛果期株高、Fv/Fm和光合速率显现缺水限制效应,荧光反应显现进入采收期以后,而叶片数则在第5穗果坐果到摘心前显现。灌水量与番茄产量及田间耗水量均为二次曲线关系,灌水量低于75m^3·hm^(-2)显著降低产量,低于对照26.72%;随着灌水减少,水分利用效率显著增高,与对照相比增高16.19%～121.62%。综合考虑番茄生长产量和水分生产效率等指标,秋冬茬温室番茄覆膜沟灌方式灌溉以灌水量为930～1 230m^3·hm^(-2)。

In order to study the effect of irrigation amount on growth,yield and water use efficiency and to provide reference for reasonable irrigation of greenhouse tomato,a field experiment was conducted on greenhouse tomato.Single irrigation volume was 75 m^3·hm^-2,150 m^3·hm^-2,225 m^3·hm^-2,300 m^3·hm^-2 and 375 m^3·hm^-2,respectively.The results showed that the water treatment could influence different growth indicators in different stages.The stage of water shortage limitation effect of plant height,Fv/Fm and photosynthetic rate were presented at full fruit period for large water requirement.After entering the harvesting period a fluorescence reaction appeared and the number of leaves appeared before the fifth fruit set to the pinching.Irrigation volume and yield,and water consumption of vegetable fields were conical relationship.The yield decreased significantly when irrigation volume was below 75 m^3·hm^-2,which was lower than the control 26.72%.The water use efficiency increased significantly as water irrigation decreased,which was 16.19%-121.62% higher than that of the control.In this study,based on comprehensive consideration of growth,yield and water use efficiency,suitable irrigation amount under film-mulched irrgation was 930-1 230 m^3·hm^-2 for greenhouse tomato growth during autumn-winter season.