2012年中国农村育龄妇女贫血状况调查

Anemia status of Chinese rural women of reproductive age in 2012

目的分析2012年中国农村育龄妇女血红蛋白水平、贫血状况及其相关因素。方法本研究为横断面研究，数据来源于2012年＂国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目＂。研究对象为中国30个省市自治区193个县21～49岁的农村育龄妇女，共712 101名。研究对象的人口学特征资料来源于问卷调查，血红蛋白浓度采用氰化高铁血红蛋白测定法检测。贫血的诊断参考世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的贫血诊断标准并根据海拔进行调整。计算中国农村育龄妇女血红蛋白水平、贫血患病率及其95% CI，并利用logistic回归分析一般人口学因素和怀孕、流产史对贫血患病率的影响。结果2012年中国农村育龄妇女血红蛋白水平为（127.77±13.47）g/L，年龄分布上21～24岁年龄组最低，为（127.54±13.54）g/L，35～39岁年龄组最高，为（128.39±14.12）g/L；地区分布上中南地区最低，为（125.79±12.00）g/L，西南地区最高，为（129.91±14.37）g/L。2012年中国农村育龄妇女贫血患病率为24.80%，各年龄组患病率，21～24岁组最高，为25.92%（95% CI：25.74%～26.11%），30～34岁组最低，为23.61%（95% CI：23.37%～23.85%）；各地区中，西北地区患病率最高，为28.31%（95% CI：28.01%～28.61%），华东地区最低，为20.88%（95% CI：20.68%～21.09%）。结论2012年中国农村育龄妇女的贫血患病率为24.80%，低年龄、低教育水平、西北地区的育龄妇女贫血患病率较高。

ObjectiveTo study the hemoglobin concentration, anemia status and its determinant factors among Chinese rural women of reproductive age in 2012. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. The data was obtained from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project （NFPHEP）. A total of 712 101 Chinese rural reproductive age women aged 21-49 years old who came from 193 counties of 30 provinces were included. The demographic characteristics were obtained from questionnaires. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using the cyanomethemoglobin method. The definition of anemia we used was recommended by World Health Organization, and was adjusted according to altitude level. The hemoglobin concentration level, the prevalence of anemia and its 95% CI was calculated. Determinant factors of anemia such as demographic characteristics and histories of pregnancy and miscarriage were analyzed using logistic regression. ResultsIn 2012, the level of hemoglobin concentration in Chinese rural women of reproductive age was （127.77±13.47） g/L, with the lowest in 21-24 years group, which was （127.54±13.54） g/L, and highest in 35-39 years group, which was （128.39±14.12） g/L. In terms of region, the hemoglobin concentration level was lowest in central south, which was （125.79±12.00） g/L, and highest in southwest, which was （129.91±14.37） g/L. The prevalence of anemia in Chinese rural women of reproductive age was 24.80%, with the highest seen in 21-24 years, which was 25.92% （95% CI： 25.74%-26.11%）, and lowest in 30-34 years, which was 23.61% （95% CI： 23.37%-23.85%）. The prevalence in northwest （28.31%, 95% CI： 28.01%-28.61%） was the highest among all regions, and the prevalence in east （20.88%, 95% CI： 20.68%-21.09%） was the lowest.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anemia in Chinese rural reproductive age women was 24.80% in 2012. The anemia prevalence was higher among women who were young, had low educational level, and lived in northwest region.