民族主义思潮的两个来源及其影响

Two Sources of Nationalism and Their Influences

民族主义思潮是塑造国际关系和影响现代国家建构的一大主流思潮,它伴随着启蒙运动及法国大革命以来的思想发展而成长壮大。民族主义话语体系的形成最初主要发生在法、德的现代民族国家建构过程中。它被赋予了两种显著不同的哲学色彩,分别是共和主义色彩以及历史主义色彩。前者以理性和人道为口号,建立在启蒙运动所树立的平等观念与个人权利的哲学基础之上,后者则建立在对理性主义反动的浪漫主义、历史主义哲学基础上。二者相互对立又相互塑造。这种糅杂的民族主义理论体系对后发国家,尤其是非西方国家,构成了学习的重要范例。它们不仅影响了西方政治思想的发展方向,由普世的统一世界观转向个体的特殊论,同时,其强大的动员力也影响了后发民族国家的建构,它内在的民主观念与国家主义的张力对一些国家的政治进程产生了深远的负面影响。

The nationalism is one of the main ideological t rends shaping international relations and modern state-building. It grew in the wake of the Enlightenment and development of ideas of the French Revolution.The formation of nationalist rhetoric originally occur red in the construction of modern nation-state in France and Germany. It is endowed with two distinct philosophical features, republicanism and historicism. The former was based on the philosophy of equality and individual rights established by the enlightenment, and the latter was based on the romantic and historical philosophy which was against to the rationalism. This kind of mixed nationalism theory was an example of modern state to the post-developing countries. It influenced the construction of post-development countries, the tension of democracy and nationalism which inside of it has had a profound and negative impact on the political process of these countries.