中国政治信任实证研究:全景回顾与未来展望

Empirical Study on China's Political Trust:Panoramic Review and Future Prospect

政治信任是学术界研究的热点话题,并且在实证研究方面取得了一系列成果,通过对已有研究成果进行系统梳理和分析,不难发现:第一,学界对政治信任涵义的理解主要有政府信任说、政治体系说、社会信任说、政治机构说等四种代表性观点;第二,学界主要从体制性信任、政治机构与人员信任两条进路对政治信任进行本土化的可操作测量;第三,转型中国的政治信任呈现出政府信任差序化、政府信任阶层差异化、政治信任U型分布、政治信任流失加剧等核心特征;第四,国内学者解释中国政治信任来源的路径主要有理性选择路径、社会文化路径、个人特征路径以及媒介传播路径;第五,政治信任的高低变化对政治参与行为和治理实践具有重要的影响。今后国内学界应从建立系统的政治信任测量框架、注重政治信任基础性数据的收集、注重政治信任的历史变化分析、注重政治信任的横向比较分析、全面系统研究政治信任与政治参与行为的关联性等五个方面实现政治信任测量的精细化,以期深入把握国内民众的政治信任现状,提高实证研究对民众政治信任培育和提升的分析力和预测力。

Political trust is a hot topic in academic research, and a series of achievements have been made in empirical research.Through systematic analysis of existing research results, it is not difficult to make the following conclusions.First, academic understanding of the meaning of political trust mainly includes four kinds of representative views： government trust theory, political system theory, social trust theory, and political organization theory. Second, in academia, the operational measurements of political trust mainly conducted from two approaches,including institutional trust, political institutions and personnel trust.Third, the political trust in transitional China presents four major intrinsic features：hierarchical order, class differentiation, the U-shaped structure, and the increasing loss of political trust.Fourth, domestic scholars explain the main sources of political trust in China from four approaches,including rational choice approach, social-cultural approach, personal characteristics approach,and media transmission approach.Fifth, the changes in the level of political trust have an important influence on the behavior of political participation and governance practices. In order to deepen the understanding of the status quo of political trust in China, increase the analytical power and predictive power of empirical research on the cultivation and promotion of public political trust in the future, the domestic academia should achieve the refinement of political trust measurement from five aspects： establish a scientific measurement framework for the political trust, focus on the collection of basic data on political trust, analyze the historical changes in political trust, enrich the horizontal comparative analysis of political trust, and systematically study the relevance of political trust and political participation. And thus thoroughly grasp the current situation of political trust, and improve the analytical and predictive power of empirical research on the cultivation and promotion of public political trust.