国家声誉与基于质量差异的南北贸易模式

Country reputation and North-South trade Based on Quality

文章在国际市场信息不确定的基础上,从集体声誉角度探讨基于质量差异的南北贸易模式形成的又一种可能原因。国家声誉作为公共信息产品,能够影响消费者对一国企业产品质量的信念,高声誉国家更容易出现专注于高质量产品的"乐观"均衡,低声誉国家则更容易出现专注于低质量产品的"悲观"均衡。结合声誉模型和比较优势一般均衡分析,文章构建了国家声誉比较优势2×2×1模型,并采用多种国家声誉指标和多国SITC4位码产品层面出口质量数据进行检验,结果证实,质量声誉要素丰裕的发达国家主要生产及出口高质量复杂产品,且能够在质量差异较大的产品类别中获得更高的出口价格;质量声誉要素稀缺的发展中国家则进口高质量复杂产品,陷入"低声誉陷阱"。在国家声誉构成要素中,高素质的员工印象和高水平的政府治理能力对降低产品质量信任成本来说尤为重要。

As a public product,Country Reputation can have an effect on specific consumers'belief on company products'quality in that country.Quality game results show that countries with higher reputation are likely to focus on producing high quality goods and results in"optimistic"equilibrium while countries with lower reputation tend to focus on low quality goods and results in"pessimistic"equilibrium.Combining with Reputation mechanism and general equilibrium analysis of Comparative Advantage,this paper constructs a brand-new Comparative Advantage 2*2*1 model of Country Reputation,and tests the model by using different kinds of indexes of Country Reputation and country-level export qualities measured by SITC 4 digit,Results show that while developed countries with quality-reputation abundance mainly produce and export high quality products in industrials with high complexity and quality heterogeneity,while developing countries with quality-reputation scarce import high quality products and remain in"low reputation trap".In addition to the factor of previous quality reputation,the impression of high-quality employees and high efficient governance are particularly important for reducing trust costs of product quality.