马克思的产业升级思想及其对当代中国结构转型的指导意义

Marx's Thoughts on Industrial Upgrading and Its Guidance for the Structural Transformation in Contemporary China

不同于发展经济学结构主义和全球价值链理论的产业升级思路,马克思主义经济学将产业升级看作是不同资本在追求超额利润的内在动力和为应对资本主义竞争的外在压力下,不断引入新技术、新模式和新方法的产业发展能力的累积与培育的动态过程,其核心是劳动生产率的提升。这一过程既包括产业内部生产结构的变动、产业间生产结构的变动,也包括产业内和产业间生产的联动效应。资本的产业内竞争、资本的产业间竞争、资本的空间流动以及资本的分化是推动产业升级的过程机制和产业升级的实现方式。推动产业升级,必须遵循生产方式特别是技术方式演化规律、社会生产按比例协调发展规律和生产性劳动增长效应规律等的约束,才能真正使产业升级成为经济可持续高质量发展的有效路径。

Unlike the philosophy of structuralist economics and global value chain theory in the aspect of industrial upgrading, Marxist economics regards "industrial upgrading, as an internal driving force for various capitals in seek of excess profits, as well as a mobile process for cultivating and accumulating capabilities of industrial development by introducing new technologies, new modes and new methods in response to external pressure out of capitalist competition. Marxist economics holds the improvement of labor productivity as the core. The process includes the mobility of internal production pattern, that of production pattern across industries and the comovement of productivity within industries and among industries. The competition of capitals within industries and among industries, the spatial mobility of capitals and the division of capitals are the process mechanism and applicable measures for promoting industrial upgrading. Promoting industrial upgrading calls for observing the rule of production mode, especially that of technological evolution, the law of proportionately coordinated development of social production, and the principle of productive labor growth effect. Only by complying with the three rules could we make industrial upgrading an effective pathway for sustainable economic development with high qualities.