产能过剩的马克思主义经济学解释——兼论解决之道的需求导向分析

A Marxist Economic Interpretation of Production Capacity Surplus and an Analysis of Demand-Oriented Solutions

产能过剩等问题从经济学角度看,其实是生产目的和社会需求的对立问题。20世纪50年代以来,中国学界围绕生产目的和社会需求有过三次大讨论。重温马克思揭示的生产目的和社会需求对立(含产能过剩)的内在原因,即使用价值与价值的矛盾,可以揭示社会主义市场经济中完全可能出现生产目的和社会需求对立的四个原因,以及在这种对立中两种不同所有制的不同表现;同时,在社会主义市场经济中,调适两者严重对立的可能性是存在的;必须对社会需求的两个类别进行仔细辨别,并分析其与商品供给、货币供给量之间的关系,探索性地提出在社会主义市场经济中调适生产目的和社会需求关系的要害是,在货币供应量合理的前提下,发现和满足最终需求,引导中间需求的必要部分,抑制中间需求的不必要部分,同时使供给与此相适应。

From economic perspective, the crux of production capacity surplus actually lies in the opposition between production purpose and social demand. Since the 1950 s, the Chinese academic circles have opened three major discussions about the opposition. Reviewing Marx's uncovering the internal cause of the opposition between production purpose and social demand(including that of production capacity surplus), namely the antithesis between use value and value, we might figure out four reasons why the opposition is possible in socialist market economy and different demonstrations of two opposing systems of ownership. Meanwhile, there exists the probability of adjusting the severe opposition in socialist market economy. We shall thoroughly distinguish between two types of social demand and analyze their connection with goods supply and currency supply. The key to adjusting production purpose and social demand in socialist market economy is to find and satisfy the final demand, guide the necessary part of the intermediate demand, restrain the unnecessary part of the intermediate demand, and adapt supply to demand under the premise of reasonable currency supply.