中国农村在校留守儿童攻击行为及影响因素

Aggressive behavior and its influencing factors among rural left-behind school children

目的了解中国农村在校留守儿童攻击行为现状及影响因素。方法于2014年11月—2015年5月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法 ,对我国5个地区共20 747名农村中小学生进行调查,使用Buss-Warren攻击问卷中文版(BWAQ-RC)、青少年心理韧性量表对农村中小学生攻击行为和心理韧性状况进行评估。结果本次调查对象共20 747人,平均年龄(13.71±2.51)岁,留守儿童5483人,占26.4%,非留守儿童15 264人,占73.6%。留守儿童攻击行为总分及各维度得分均高于非留守儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);留守儿童中攻击行为阳性检出者1 525人,占27.8%;单因素分析结果显示,有攻击行为的留守儿童在心理韧性总分,人际协助、情绪控制、家庭支持3个维度得分低于无攻击行为的留守儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),目标专注维度得分高于无攻击行为的留守儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);多因素线性回归结果显示,心理韧性、主要照料人父或母、家庭人均月收入低是留守儿童攻击行为的保护因素,主要照料人管教方式为溺爱、粗暴、变化无常是留守儿童攻击行为的危险因素。结论中国农村在校留守儿童攻击行为水平高于非留守儿童,心理韧性可能对农村留守儿童攻击行为起一定的保护作用。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of aggressive behavior among rural left-behind school children in China. Methods With multistage stratified random cluster sampling, 20 747 rural primary and high school students were selected in 5 provinces across China. Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire-Revised Chinese Version （BWAQ-RC） and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents were used to assess aggressive behavior and psychological resilience of the participants between November 2014 and May 2015. Results The mean age of the participants was 13.71±2.51 years and there were 5 483 （26.4%） left-behind and 15 264 （73.6%） non-left-behind school children. Significantly higher overall and domain BWAQ-RC scores were derived among the left-behind school children than among the non-left-behind school children （P 〈 0.001 for all）. In psychological resilience assessment, the left-behind school children identified with aggressive behavior showed significantly lower total score and domain scores for family support, help-seeking, and emotional control, but a higher domain score for goal planning than those without aggressive behaviors （P 〈 0.001 for all）. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that psychological resilience, being cared primarily by father or mother, and low family income were protective factors for aggressive behavior, whereas with the main caregiver＇sdoting, rudeness or inconstant parenting were risk factors among the rural left-behind school children. Conclusion Aggressivebehavior is more prevalent among left-behind school children than among non-left-behind school children in rural China. Psychological resilience is a protective factor against aggressive behavior in the rural left-behind school children.