不同类型非机动车骑行者相关交通问题态度及行为比较

Traffic safety related attitudes and behaviors among bicycle and electric bicycle riders:a comparison study

目的比较不同类型非机动车骑行者对非机动车相关交通问题的态度,以及相关危险行为情况。方法 2016年10月,随机抽取上海市7个非中心城区,使用方便抽样方法抽取其中11个镇,再以最小的楼组单位为间距,采用PPS抽样法进行随机抽样,共抽取1 244名非机动车骑行者为研究对象,调查基本人口学信息、驾驶非机动车出行基本情况、自报驾驶非机动车危险行为情况,并对6项驾驶非机动车危险行为的危险程度进行判断。结果被调查的非机动车骑行者中,电动自行车和助动车骑行者共878人(71.8%),自行车骑行者345人(28.2%)。6项相关危险行为中,94.4%助动车骑行者和93.2%的自行车骑行者认为"闯红灯"危险程度高,仅有56.1%的助动车骑行者和64.9%的自行车骑行者认为"夜间骑自行车未佩戴反光条"危险程度较高和很高。相比自行车骑行者,助动车骑行者对危险行为的危险程度认知较差,特别是对夜间骑行时未佩戴反光条、骑行时不佩戴头盔和加装遮阳伞的危险程度认知不足,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过去一个月内,74.4%的自行车骑行者和43.6%的助动车骑行者自报驾驶时从未佩戴头盔,是发生率最高的一项危险行为。除此之外,助动车骑行者自报危险行为发生率普遍高于自行车骑行者,特别是机动车道上行驶(38.2%)和闯红灯(23.9%)两项危险行为(P均<0.05)。结论非机动车骑行者对驾驶非机动车危险行为的认知有限,并且有相当比例的自报危险行为发生。不同类型的非机动车骑行者对非机动车相关交通问题的态度和危险行为表现有差异,应展开有针对性的干预。

Objective To compare attitudes and behaviors about non-motorized vehicle traffic safety between bicycle and electric bicycle riders.Methods We conducted a household survey among 1 244 adult non-motorized vehicle riders in October 2016. The participants of the survey were recruited with probability proportional to size sampling from 11 towns in 7 non-central regions of Shanghai city selected with stratified random sampling. We complied a questionnaire to collect the participants＇ information on demography, status and risk behaviors of non-motorized vehicle driving in traffic and transportation. In addition, we assessed the severity of 6 risk behaviors in non-motorized vehicle driving among the participants.Results Of all the participants,878 （71.8%） were electric bicycle/power assisted bicycle riders （reporting electric bicycle/power assisted bicycle driving in traffic or transportation） and 345 （28.2%） were bicycle riders. Of the electric bicycle/power assisted bicycle riders and bicycle riders, 94.4% and 93.2% considered ＂running the red light＂ as a high risk behavior in traffic, while only 56.1% and 64.9% considered ＂not wearing reflective tapes while riding at night＂ as a high risk behavior. Compared to the bicycle riders, the riders of power assisted bicycle showed a significantly lower cognition on traffic safety related risk behaviors, especially on not wearing reflective tapes while riding at night, not wearing helmet while riding, and installing umbrella on power assisted bicycle （all P 〈 0.05）. The most frequently self-reported traffic safety related risk behaviors during previous one month was not wearing helmet while driving non-motorized vehicle （reported by 74.4% of the bicycle riders and 43.6% of the electric bicycle/power assisted bicycle riders）. The power assisted bicycle riders reported significantly higher ratios of traffic safety related risk behaviors （38.2% for riding on motorways and 23.9% for running the red light, both P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Non-motorized vehicle riders had a very limited cognition on non-motorized vehicle traffic safety related risk behaviors and were with a considerable ratio of self-reported risk behaviors. There are differences in attitudes and behaviors about non-motorized vehicle traffic safety between electric bicycle/power assisted bicycle riders and bicycle riders. The results suggest that targeted interventions on non-motorized vehicle traffic safety should be conducted among the people.