北京市智力障碍儿童青少年超重与肥胖现状调查

Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Beijing

目的了解北京市6～18岁智力障碍儿童青少年超重与肥胖现状,为智力障碍儿童青少年超重和肥胖的预防提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法 ,以北京市15所特殊教育学校的343名学生为对象,对其进行体格检查,以中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)推荐的中国学龄儿童青少年超重及肥胖筛查体质指数值作为评价超重、肥胖的参考标准。结果北京市6～18岁智力障碍儿童青少年超重率为21.57%,肥胖率为22.74%。男、女生超重率分别为24.14%、13.41%,超重率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肥胖率分别为24.52%、17.07%,肥胖率差异无统计学意义。10～12岁超重率最高,为26.83%,6～9岁肥胖率最高,为36.54%,不同年龄组超重率和肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着年龄增长超重肥胖合并检出率有下降趋势。中度智障组超重率最高,为20.93%,不同智障程度组超重率差异无统计学意义。轻度智障组肥胖率最高,为33.33 0%,不同智障程度组肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市6～18岁智力障碍儿童青少年超重和肥胖有较高的检出率,超重和肥胖呈现低龄化趋势,残联、疾病预防控制中心、特殊教育学校、家庭应采取相关预防措施应对智障儿童青少年的超重肥胖问题。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disability （ID） in Beijing, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in the population.Methods We recruited 343 students aged 6-18 years with random cluster sampling in 15 special education schools in Beijing between September 2014 and January 2015. Weight and height were measured and body mass index （BMI） was calculated for the students. Working Group on Obesity in China （WGOC） criteria were used to define overweight and obesity.Results For all the students, the overweight rate was 21.57% （24.14% and 13.41% for the boys and the girls）, with a significant gender difference （P 〈 0.05）; the obesity rate were 22.74% （24.52% and 17.07% for the boys and the girls）, without significant gender difference. The overweight rate was the highest （26.83%） for the students aged 10-12 years and the obesity rate was the highest （36.54%） for the students aged 6-9 years, with significant between age-group differences in both overweight rate and obesity rate （both P 〈 0.05）. The detection rate of overweight and obesity presented a downward trend with the age increment in the students. No significant difference in overweight rate was observed among the students with various severity of ID, although the overweight rate was higher （20.93%） among the students with moderate ID; but the obesity rate differed significantly by the severity of ID among the students, with the highest rate （33.33%） among those with mild ID （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The detection rates of overweight and obesity in ID children and adolescents in Beijing were high, especially among young age groups. Intervention programs need to be conducted by relevant agencies to control overweight and obesity in the population.