营养状况对婴幼儿食物过敏反应影响

Influence of nutriture on food allergy in infants

近年来,婴幼儿食物过敏的发病率正在逐年升高,食物过敏通常会导致其他免疫性疾病的发生,给患儿家庭和社会造成沉重的负担。目前,食物过敏防治的主要方法是食物回避,但毫无针对性的食物回避有可能提高儿童发生食物过敏的风险,并且容易使儿童发生营养不良,影响其正常生长发育。为了帮助孕妇和婴幼儿更科学合理地预防食物过敏,根据不同的食物调整日常饮食结构,我们总结了蛋白质、脂类和维生素营养状况对婴幼儿发生食物过敏的影响,为孕妇妊娠期饮食设计提供了科学指导,这对将来婴幼儿人群食物过敏的预防具有重要意义,也为食物过敏防治措施的研究和改进提供了一定的参考。

The incidence of food allergy among infants is increasing year by year recently. Food allergy often leads to other immunological diseases, causing heavy burdens on families and societies. At present, the main method to prevent and control food allergy is food avoidance. But untargeted food avoidance is not only likely to increase the risk of food allergy but also easily to cause malnutrition in infants and children. We summarized effects of three nutrients （protein, lipid and vitamin） on food allergy in infants and young children for helping pregnant women as well as infants to prevent food allergy more scientifically and reasonably, and to adjust diet structure according to the different food. The review also provides some references for the study and improvement to prevent and control food allergy.