农民工“逆城市化”现状与反思

A Reflection on the Present Situation of Migrant Workers' "Counter-urbanization" Phenomenon

结构性变革的城市化,在逐步吞没"土地"时,将乡村"连根拔起";大量农民"离村进城",在给城市社会注入"现代因子"时,期望着向"市民化"转型。然而现实中,他们又始终处于"漂浮"状态,不仅"失根"、而且"失魂",大量农民工处于"边缘化"状态,遭遇"融城"瓶颈,被迫"离城返乡",出现"逆城"回流趋势。这种"回流"不光蕴藏着国家宏观制度倾向,也表征着城乡社会内在"推拉"作用力,还体现了个体理性的行为抉择。文章分析了农民工欲"融"于"城"、于"城"有"根",向"市民化"转向的理想状态;探讨了农民工于"城"无"家"的现实窘境;从宏观、中观和微观角度,分析了农民工返乡"寻根"的三维因素;对农民工"离城返乡""逆城市化"现状进行了反思。

The urbanization swallows the land and ＂uproots＂ the countryside. A large number of farmers ＂go into the cities＂,and hope to transform to ＂citizenizatio n＂ when they inject ＂modern factors＂ into urban society. In reality,however,they remain the state of ＂floating＂. They have not only ＂lost their root＂,but ＂lost their soul＂. A large number of migrant workers are in a state of ＂marginalization＂,and face the bottle neck of ＂citizenization＂. Many of them was forced to ＂return＂ to the countryside. Thus,the tendency of ＂counter-citizenization＂ appears. This kind o f ＂backflow＂ reflects the tendency of national macro policies,the ＂push and pull＂ forces in urban and rural society,and the individual＇s rational choice of behavior. This paper analyzes migrant workers＇ ideal of ＂melting＂ into the ＂city＂ and the awkward reality of ＂floating＂ in the city. Three factors contributing to this ＂return to the countryside＂ are discussed from both the macro and micro perspective. The paper also reflects on the present situation of migrant farmers ＂leaving the city to the countryside＂.