产业结构转型背景下高校不同专业毕业生就业结果的性别差异——基于2013年和2015年全国高校抽样调查数据的实证研究

Gender Differences in Employment Results of University Graduates of Different Majors under the Background of Industrial Structure Transformation——An empirical study based on the data of National Graduate Survey in 2013 and 2015

基于2013年和2015年全国高校毕业生就业状况调查数据,对高校毕业生的就业落实情况、就业起薪的专业和性别差异进行实证分析。研究发现,理工科专业的毕业生就业结果的性别差异高于其他专业,但随着产业结构的转型深化,经管、人文、社科专业毕业生在就业结果上的性别差异不断缩小,相关专业的女性毕业生落实工作和获得高收入的优势有所提升。另外,2015年女性毕业生整体的就业状况相对于2013年也有一定改善。建议深化产业结构转型,大力发展第三产业,制定和完善消除就业性别歧视的法律政策,保障女性在劳动力市场中的权益。

Based on the national-scale survey of university graduates in 2013 and 2015, an empirical analysis has been given on the major and gender differences in university graduates＇ employment and starting salary. The empirical results are concluded as follows： the gender difference in employment results of science and engineering graduates is higher than that of other majors, however, with the deepening of the transformation of industrial structure, the gender differences in the employment results have been continuously reduced for the graduates majored in economic management and liberal arts, and the advantages in finding a job and obtaining higher incomes for female graduates of these majors have been raised. In addition, the overall employment status of female graduates in 2015 has also been improved compared with 2013. Therefore, the paper proposes to deepen the transformation of industrial structure, vigorously develop the tertiary industry, formulate and improve the legal policies to eliminate gender discrimination in employment, and ensure the rights and interests of women in the labor market.