民办高等教育属性界定演变路径依赖与突破的博弈研究——基于1978年以来国家政策法规文本的历史制度主义分析

The Game Study Between Path Dependence and Breakthrough of the Property Definition of Private Higher Education——Historical institutionalism analysis of national policies and regulations texts since 1978

公益性与营利性界定一直是我国民办高等教育政策演变中的重要问题。对两者界定的政策演变是路径依赖与路径突破博弈的结果,主要体现在两方面:"营利""不以营利为目的""合理回报"和"公益性"概念理解和解释的博弈以及围绕这些概念所进行的政策内容的博弈上。属性界定政策变迁是主要行动者、政策环境、已有政策和社会需要在各自系统内外路径依赖与路径突破的博弈结果。演变的动力是政策需要与政策供给之间的失衡。要明确民办高等教育的法人属性,基于复杂性和多样性界定民办高等教育属性,消除属性界定中的法规歧义,正确选择路径依赖与路径突破类型。

The definition of public welfare and profit-making is an important issue in the policy evolution of private higher education in China. The policy evolution of the two definitions is game results between path dependence and path breakthrough, mainly reflected in two aspects： the games among these concept understanding and interpretation of ＂profit＂ and ＂not for profit＂, ＂reasonable return＂ and ＂public welfare＂ and the games of the contents based on these concepts. Attribute defining policy change is the game results between path dependence and path breakthrough of main actors, policy environment, existing policies and social needs in their respective internal and external systems. The motive force of evolution is the imbalance between the policy needs and the policy supply. The legal personality of private higher education need be clarified. The property of private higher education based on the basis of their complexity and diversity should be defined. Disambiguation of attribute definition should be eliminated. The choice type of path dependence and path breakthrough should be choosed correctly.