中国北方传统村落的古代生态实践智慧及其当代启示

Ancient Ecological Practice Wisdom in Traditional Villages in North China and its Contemporary Enlightenment

传统村落是我国仅存不多的古代生态实践智慧的鲜活载体,其中所蕴含的朴素而可持续的生态智慧哲学观对我国现代城市规划领域具有重要启示意义。本文在对我国黄土高原、黄淮海、东北、甘新、珠三角、长三角等地40余个传统村落进行深入调研的基础上进行了如下三个思考:为什么从北方传统村落视角思考中国古代生态实践智慧?我国北方传统村落中生态实践智慧的核心特点是什么?应当采用什么样的方法对其进行挖掘和研究?并最终提出三个关键启示:中国古代生态智慧的挖掘应重点关注传统村落;中国古代城乡营建中可持续思想的核心是"低维护成本";中国传统村落的生态实践智慧是实现从文化自信到文化输出的关键。

The traditional villages are the only fresh carriers of ancient ecological practical wisdom in China. The simple and sustainable philosophy of ecological wisdom has important implications for China＇s modern urban planning. Based on in-depth research on more than 40 traditional villages in China＇s Loess Plateau, Huang-Huai-Hai, Northeast China, Gansu-Xinjiang, Pearl River Delta, and Yangtze River Delta regions, the following three reflections were made： Why do we think about ancient Chinese ecology from the perspective of northern traditional villages？ What are the core characteristics of ecological practice wisdom in traditional villages in Northern China？ What kind of methods should be used for excavation and research？ In the end, three key revelations were put forward： the excavation of ecological wisdom in ancient China should focus on traditional villages; the core of sustainable ideas in ancient urban and rural construction in China is ＂low maintenance cost＂; the ecological practical wisdom in Chinese traditional villages is to achieve cultural confidence.