民航旅客客舱不安全行为影响因素研究

Probe into the influential factors of the reckless behaviors in the cabin for the civil aviation passengers

为探究旅客客舱不安全行为致因机理,以计划行为理论（TPB）为构架,引入风险感知和风险倾向2个变量,提出旅客客舱不安全行为影响因素之间的假设关系。通过对436份问卷调查数据进行信度和效度检验,构建旅客客舱不安全行为结构方程模型（SEM）,对提出的假设关系路径进行检验,并得到标准化路径系数。结果表明,态度、风险感知、风险倾向和知觉行为控制显著影响行为意向,主观规范和风险感知又以态度为中介变量显著影响行为意向,对旅客客舱不安全行为的影响作用由大到小分别为风险感知、态度、知觉行为控制、风险倾向和主观规范。

This article intends to make a probe into the unsafe behavior in civil aviation passengers＇ cabin. In order to identify and forecast the reckless behaviors of the civil aviation passengers in the cabin through exploring the influential factors of such behaviors,we have adopted a theory of planned behavior（ TPB） by introducing into two variables of the risk perception and the risk trends according to the behavior characteristics of the passengers.To achieve the purpose,we have worked out a hypothetical relationship about the influential factors of such behaviors on the basis of the previous research results on the violation behaviors of the passengers and improved the TPB model. Thus,in the given article,we have prepared a questionnaire including 436 items for the Internet survey. Based on the empirical analysis experience,we have first of all managed to make a reliability analysis and the validity of the investigation of the said questionnaires in correspondence with a structural equation model（ SEM） based on the improved TPB model. By using the software named AMOS,we have further examined the hypothetical relationship, revised SEM based on the model adaptability index and finally obtained the standardized pathway coefficient in reference to the expertise assessment. The investigation results indicate that the passengers＇ attitude to the cabin reckless behaviors,the risk perception and trends can all produce noticeable effects on the behavior inclinations with the corresponding side-way coefficients being 0. 67,0. 54,0. 56 and 0. 61 respectively. Besides,the subjective norm and the risk perception may also affect the behavior inclinations indirectly through the medium effect of such behavior patterns,with the corresponding side-way coefficients being 0. 36 and0. 42. Furthermore,the above said influential factors have been found affecting the unsafe behaviors in the cabin in a descending order,which stands as follows： the risk perception 〉the attitude 〉the perceived behavioral control〉 the risk behavior 〉tendency the subjective disciplinary awareness. Among all the said factors,the way of the self-education and self-conscientiousness to develop in them are expected to be able to help reduce such reckless behaviors that are likely to be seen in the cabin to a great extent.