废旧冰箱聚氨酯资源化再利用技术研究进展

RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM FROM WASTE REFRIGERATORS

随着电子电器智能化技术的快速发展,电子产品更新换代速度正在逐步加快。而冰箱已被广泛应用于家庭生活,近年来其报废量剧增。在其拆解处理过程中产生大量聚氨酯硬泡,聚氨酯体积大,不易降解,造成巨大的环境压力。针对聚氨酯的处理处置方法,国内外提出了物理、化学、生物以及热能回收法。其中,物理法可直接利用废物,得到的产品实际应用效果较差;化学法可提供再生原料,但工业化应用有待推广;生物法对环境较为友好,但选择性高,处理能力有限;热能回收法减容明显,易造成二次污染。结合4类方法的各自优缺点,认为醇解法和磷酸酯法对废旧冰箱聚氨酯资源化处理具有较好的应用前景。

With the rapid development of intelligent electronic appliances technology,the elimination of electronic products is speeding up gradually. Refrigerator had been widely used in resident life,which led to increas amount of waste refrigerators in the past years. During their dismantling process,a large amount of rigid polyurethane foam（ RPUF） was produced. The waste RPUF was with large volume and hardly degradable,and a great burden to the environment. In order to degrade them,the physical,chemical,biological and thermal energy recovery technologies were proposed. The waste RPUF could be used directly through physical method,however the products were not applied well for the poor performance. Chemical treatments could provide renewable raw materials,and its industrial application also needed to be promoted. The biological techniques were with high selectivity and limited capacity,although it is eco-friendly. Thermal energy recovery could reduce the volume of waste RPUF obviously,however it was easily to cause secondary pollution. This paper reviewed their advantages and disadvantages on dealing with waste RPUF,and found that alcoholysis and phosphate techniques were promising application for recycling waste RPUF from refrigerators.